1 00:00:01,139 --> 00:00:02,660 Shimat Joseph: Okay, welcome back. 2 00:00:03,330 --> 00:00:07,220 Shimat Joseph: Yeah, we're basically trying to go to our second hour. 3 00:00:07,930 --> 00:00:14,140 Shimat Joseph: The second hour will be, again, two speakers, and we'll be talking about diseases and pest 4 00:00:14,200 --> 00:00:15,620 Shimat Joseph: issues in ornamentals. 5 00:00:16,299 --> 00:00:20,300 Shimat Joseph: So we'll start with Dr. Jean Williams Woodward. 6 00:00:20,960 --> 00:00:26,040 Shimat Joseph: So Dr. Jean Williams Woodward is an extension pathologist, plant pathologist, 7 00:00:26,560 --> 00:00:28,279 Shimat Joseph: at the University of Georgia in Athens. 8 00:00:29,340 --> 00:00:32,520 Shimat Joseph: She provides statewide plant disease diagnostics, 9 00:00:33,200 --> 00:00:35,020 Shimat Joseph: and management recommendations, 10 00:00:36,079 --> 00:00:38,480 Shimat Joseph: extension programming for ornamental plants 11 00:00:38,500 --> 00:00:39,840 Shimat Joseph: in commercial greenhouses, 12 00:00:40,720 --> 00:00:41,879 Shimat Joseph: nurseries and landscapes, 13 00:00:42,640 --> 00:00:45,879 Shimat Joseph: as well as urban and commercial forestry, 14 00:00:46,440 --> 00:00:48,900 Shimat Joseph: Christmas trees, alfalfa, and hemp. 15 00:00:49,960 --> 00:00:51,280 Shimat Joseph: Jean, floor is yours. 16 00:00:53,980 --> 00:00:54,800 Jean Williams-Woodward: Can you see me? 17 00:00:55,220 --> 00:00:55,480 Jean Williams-Woodward: Yes. 18 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:56,080 Jean Williams-Woodward: Okay. 19 00:00:56,660 --> 00:00:59,620 Jean Williams-Woodward: So I'm going to replace the current share to me. 20 00:01:00,040 --> 00:01:00,140 Jean Williams-Woodward: Okay. 21 00:01:01,080 --> 00:01:02,100 Jean Williams-Woodward: Let me pull up my slide. 22 00:01:02,540 --> 00:01:07,240 Jean Williams-Woodward: I always laugh when people do the, when you do the pictures, because that was like me, 23 00:01:07,660 --> 00:01:09,740 Jean Williams-Woodward: I think that picture was taken like 2004. 24 00:01:10,660 --> 00:01:11,240 Jean Williams-Woodward: Is it not? 25 00:01:11,620 --> 00:01:12,480 Jean Williams-Woodward: Why is it not doing? 26 00:01:13,460 --> 00:01:14,500 Jean Williams-Woodward: Ah, okay. 27 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:15,160 Jean Williams-Woodward: I got it. 28 00:01:16,800 --> 00:01:17,380 Jean Williams-Woodward: Can you see it? 29 00:01:19,320 --> 00:01:20,360 Rich Braman: Looks good, Jean. 30 00:01:21,740 --> 00:01:21,860 Rich Braman: Okay. 31 00:01:22,740 --> 00:01:22,960 Jean Williams-Woodward: All right. 32 00:01:24,300 --> 00:01:26,840 Jean Williams-Woodward: So yeah, like I said, it's taken I think 20 years ago. 33 00:01:27,120 --> 00:01:33,740 Jean Williams-Woodward: But yeah, I'm just going to give you a quick update on some of the plant diseases that we 34 00:01:33,840 --> 00:01:36,120 Jean Williams-Woodward: are seeing and things that we saw this year. 35 00:01:37,980 --> 00:01:41,680 Jean Williams-Woodward: And I want to try to make sure there's time for questioning and I don't want to shorten 36 00:01:41,860 --> 00:01:42,340 Jean Williams-Woodward: Shimat there. 37 00:01:42,820 --> 00:01:48,740 Jean Williams-Woodward: So one of the things that you may have actually heard about is the, oops, sorry, is the, about 38 00:01:48,880 --> 00:01:51,840 Jean Williams-Woodward: the VSD or the dieback in deciduous trees. 39 00:01:52,560 --> 00:01:54,520 Jean Williams-Woodward: And we have the vascular streak dieback. 40 00:01:54,880 --> 00:01:57,119 Jean Williams-Woodward: There's been several different webinars about it. 41 00:01:57,439 --> 00:02:03,860 Jean Williams-Woodward: Most of the research coming out of Tennessee State University, but mostly this was in deciduous 42 00:02:03,979 --> 00:02:06,159 Jean Williams-Woodward: trees and primarily in redbuds. 43 00:02:06,720 --> 00:02:16,800 Jean Williams-Woodward: And we were seeing some of the dieback that's actually happening with them where you're getting this scorching kind of look to the leaves as well as also individual stem dieback. 44 00:02:17,190 --> 00:02:22,100 Jean Williams-Woodward: And then eventually, like the whole tops could actually die from some of the on the plants. 45 00:02:23,020 --> 00:02:29,720 Jean Williams-Woodward: This, on the left-hand side over here, hopefully you can see my mouse, this is the vascular streak dieback. 46 00:02:30,320 --> 00:02:35,300 Jean Williams-Woodward: We're calling it dieback, not a disease, because we actually have not proven pathogenicity yet. 47 00:02:36,020 --> 00:02:43,900 Jean Williams-Woodward: This is compared to a few years ago, we were seeing a lot of the bot canker dieback happening in a lot within our red maples in particular. 48 00:02:46,080 --> 00:02:49,960 Jean Williams-Woodward: One of the things about the bot canker is that's something we've had all the time. 49 00:02:50,340 --> 00:02:56,780 Jean Williams-Woodward: It's a fungus that's actually a complex of several different fungi that when they get 50 00:02:51,959 --> 00:02:52,480 Jean Williams-Woodward: So... 51 00:02:56,880 --> 00:03:02,340 Jean Williams-Woodward: into the plant, oftentimes through wounds or through openings, the fungus will colonize 52 00:03:02,380 --> 00:03:04,340 Jean Williams-Woodward: the interior part, cause cankers. 53 00:03:04,560 --> 00:03:09,300 Jean Williams-Woodward: And if you look in these pictures, you can see we're like down here in this one in the 54 00:03:09,320 --> 00:03:12,060 Jean Williams-Woodward: Where it is green, that's the healthy cambial tissues. 55 00:03:12,430 --> 00:03:15,880 Jean Williams-Woodward: Where it is dark brown, that is where the bot canker is. 56 00:03:16,320 --> 00:03:18,380 Jean Williams-Woodward: Same thing for the tree on the right-hand side. 57 00:03:18,650 --> 00:03:22,840 Jean Williams-Woodward: You can see the areas of dark brown on discoloration within that cambial tissue. 58 00:03:23,020 --> 00:03:28,560 Jean Williams-Woodward: And that probably came in where that tree had a broken branch because that tree, it was 59 00:03:28,610 --> 00:03:29,200 Jean Williams-Woodward: during hurricanes. 60 00:03:29,590 --> 00:03:30,960 Jean Williams-Woodward: And so the tree had fallen over. 61 00:03:32,140 --> 00:03:42,340 Jean Williams-Woodward: And with the bot canker, one of the things we do know about Botryosphaeria and the fungi that cause bot canker is that it actually survives within the plant all the time. 62 00:03:42,840 --> 00:03:55,300 Jean Williams-Woodward: So I can get just as much of recover the fungi off of tissues and branches that do not show any symptoms as I can from plants from branches and tissues that do show symptoms. 63 00:03:55,860 --> 00:03:59,060 Jean Williams-Woodward: So what it tells me is that the fungus is already there. 64 00:03:59,380 --> 00:04:00,440 Jean Williams-Woodward: It's inside the plant. 65 00:04:00,770 --> 00:04:03,760 Jean Williams-Woodward: And that is something that people have started looking at. 66 00:04:04,070 --> 00:04:08,320 Jean Williams-Woodward: And what they have found that if there is a lot of high turgor pressure, so a lot of 67 00:04:08,470 --> 00:04:13,940 Jean Williams-Woodward: water with inside that plant, it keeps the fungus sort of held together in this stasis. 68 00:04:14,400 --> 00:04:17,080 Jean Williams-Woodward: If they actually have a water deficit, 69 00:04:17,780 --> 00:04:20,760 Jean Williams-Woodward: the fungus starts growing and it starts growing 70 00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:22,860 Jean Williams-Woodward: sort of outward and kind of in width. 71 00:04:23,340 --> 00:04:25,100 Jean Williams-Woodward: And when it does, that's when we start seeing 72 00:04:25,100 --> 00:04:26,040 Jean Williams-Woodward: the cankers developing. 73 00:04:27,040 --> 00:04:29,260 Jean Williams-Woodward: We have actually seemed to reduce the bot canker 74 00:04:29,360 --> 00:04:31,260 Jean Williams-Woodward: developing within the trees by using 75 00:04:31,760 --> 00:04:34,040 Jean Williams-Woodward: various different systemic fungicides, 76 00:04:34,220 --> 00:04:41,100 Jean Williams-Woodward: like the propiconazole, as well as also that mefentrifluconazole. 77 00:04:41,620 --> 00:04:44,260 Jean Williams-Woodward: I haven't said that one enough, so I can't say it. 78 00:04:44,340 --> 00:04:50,300 Jean Williams-Woodward: But the actual brand name for it is Cevya, which also is hard to say. 79 00:04:50,700 --> 00:04:50,780 Jean Williams-Woodward: Whoops. 80 00:04:51,020 --> 00:04:55,080 Jean Williams-Woodward: But one of the things about it is that if you're applying this fungicide, 81 00:04:55,400 --> 00:04:58,420 Jean Williams-Woodward: seems like in the fall and in the winter with a Pentra-Bark, 82 00:04:58,720 --> 00:05:01,740 Jean Williams-Woodward: which is an adjuvant that actually helps to move that product, 83 00:05:02,020 --> 00:05:04,800 Jean Williams-Woodward: the fungicide through the bark and into the vascular tissue, 84 00:05:04,060 --> 00:05:04,180 Jean Williams-Woodward: Whoops. 85 00:05:05,600 --> 00:05:08,260 Jean Williams-Woodward: we seem to be getting pretty good control of bot canker, 86 00:05:08,580 --> 00:05:11,140 Jean Williams-Woodward: that we're not seeing as much of that death happening. 87 00:05:11,640 --> 00:05:15,740 Jean Williams-Woodward: So I think that's what we're still continuing to do. 88 00:05:16,760 --> 00:05:19,360 Jean Williams-Woodward: The vascular streak dieback is, 89 00:05:19,660 --> 00:05:25,020 Jean Williams-Woodward: The organism that is associated with this is right now called [VERIFY: Ceratobasidium theobromae or similar]. 90 00:05:25,460 --> 00:05:33,200 Jean Williams-Woodward: The type of symptoms like here in this picture with the redbud, you're seeing the scorching on the leaf as well as the yellowing. 91 00:05:33,720 --> 00:05:39,640 Jean Williams-Woodward: It seems to be worse on some of the lighter colored or yellow colored, foliage colored redbud varieties. 92 00:05:40,220 --> 00:05:48,380 Jean Williams-Woodward: Ones that are more purple and darker colored or darker leaf color, they seem to be less susceptible, it seems like, to this problem. 93 00:05:49,599 --> 00:05:54,560 Jean Williams-Woodward: the it is we have not been able to prove pathogenicity because we cannot culture this 94 00:05:54,729 --> 00:05:59,639 Jean Williams-Woodward: fungus and actually try to get it back onto plants again but the other thing about it is 95 00:05:59,699 --> 00:06:03,940 Jean Williams-Woodward: is we're finding it everywhere if you the researchers in Tennessee when they were looking 96 00:06:04,120 --> 00:06:08,659 Jean Williams-Woodward: at it they were pretty much finding it on almost every plant that they ever looked at 97 00:06:09,120 --> 00:06:12,900 Jean Williams-Woodward: and to the point I was accusing them of just going outside to the landscape and 98 00:06:13,300 --> 00:06:19,259 Jean Williams-Woodward: and testing everything. But it has probably about 30 different plant species that we've 99 00:06:19,310 --> 00:06:24,740 Jean Williams-Woodward: actually found it on. And we're looking at this, trying to figure out what's going on. 100 00:06:25,880 --> 00:06:28,759 Jean Williams-Woodward: I personally have an opinion about this and that I think 101 00:06:29,120 --> 00:06:32,700 Jean Williams-Woodward: This may be a fungus very similar to the Botryosphaeria fungi, 102 00:06:32,930 --> 00:06:36,080 Jean Williams-Woodward: that they're there inside the plant living as an endophyte. 103 00:06:36,500 --> 00:06:39,220 Jean Williams-Woodward: And then if you stress that plant with anything else, 104 00:06:39,660 --> 00:06:44,180 Jean Williams-Woodward: like root disease or root heat stress of the plants being in containers, 105 00:06:44,740 --> 00:06:46,780 Jean Williams-Woodward: or whether it is cankers or amina, 106 00:06:47,170 --> 00:06:50,260 Jean Williams-Woodward: any kind of injuries or wounding of anything that happens, 107 00:06:50,520 --> 00:06:51,120 Jean Williams-Woodward: poor nutrition, 108 00:06:51,620 --> 00:06:56,640 Jean Williams-Woodward: something, anything that's affecting basically water pressure within the plant, we may start 109 00:06:56,840 --> 00:07:03,940 Jean Williams-Woodward: seeing this dieback kind of symptoms as well. We don't really know about controls, but it does seem 110 00:06:58,930 --> 00:06:59,080 Jean Williams-Woodward: poor nutrition, 111 00:07:04,040 --> 00:07:10,900 Jean Williams-Woodward: like the fungicide Postiva, which is a new fungicide as well, that is one that in the 112 00:07:11,080 --> 00:07:14,980 Jean Williams-Woodward: trials conducted in Tennessee, that seems to be the thing that works the best. 113 00:07:15,680 --> 00:07:31,360 Jean Williams-Woodward: So, and they are applying it anytime there is new foliage on the plants, primarily in the spring with the flush of new growth, as well as also then later on in the fall as well, or in the late summer when we start getting another secondary kind of flush of growth. 114 00:07:32,139 --> 00:07:42,659 Jean Williams-Woodward: The fungus or the, it seems like if you clean up the nurseries, clean up the areas, get rid of a lot of the fallen leaf litter, then it also seems to be that there's less of this fungus around. 115 00:07:43,280 --> 00:07:46,800 Jean Williams-Woodward: And so we don't, they tend to not see it progress as much. 116 00:07:47,319 --> 00:07:53,020 Jean Williams-Woodward: Disease management relies on sanitation, primarily the number one thing, keeping everything clean. 117 00:07:53,550 --> 00:08:00,419 Jean Williams-Woodward: And then also potentially using fungicides, spraying it onto the new growth and the Postiva seems to work the best. 118 00:08:00,880 --> 00:08:04,960 Jean Williams-Woodward: Postiva is a combination product of two different active ingredients. 119 00:08:05,500 --> 00:08:08,960 Jean Williams-Woodward: And to be totally honest with you, I can't say them. 120 00:08:09,400 --> 00:08:10,900 Jean Williams-Woodward: I don't know how to say them. 121 00:08:12,020 --> 00:08:14,460 Jean Williams-Woodward: But the fungicide is Postiva. 122 00:08:15,460 --> 00:08:18,280 Jean Williams-Woodward: This is just some more information about the VSD. 123 00:08:18,860 --> 00:08:21,520 Jean Williams-Woodward: It tends to, we have seen it show up. 124 00:08:21,600 --> 00:08:24,600 Jean Williams-Woodward: It was identified in Florida on red maples. 125 00:08:25,240 --> 00:08:29,440 Jean Williams-Woodward: Typically when you do see this kind of dieback, if you were checking for it, 126 00:08:30,100 --> 00:08:33,599 Jean Williams-Woodward: if you were to cut vertically on the stems, like here in the lower right hand side, 127 00:08:34,140 --> 00:08:39,280 Jean Williams-Woodward: you'd actually see what looks more like streaking of the foliage, or I mean of this internal tissues. 128 00:08:40,460 --> 00:08:43,840 Jean Williams-Woodward: If you were to cut straight across with a pruner and cut crosswise, 129 00:08:44,000 --> 00:08:47,820 Jean Williams-Woodward: you might see something that looks like more like dots, like up here in the upper right hand side. 130 00:08:48,600 --> 00:08:51,340 Jean Williams-Woodward: Those, that kind of symptom pattern 131 00:08:51,900 --> 00:08:53,860 Jean Williams-Woodward: looks very similar to Verticillium wilt. 132 00:08:54,020 --> 00:08:55,280 Jean Williams-Woodward: So if you were to Google this, 133 00:08:55,430 --> 00:08:56,740 Jean Williams-Woodward: you would find Verticillium, 134 00:08:57,150 --> 00:08:58,300 Jean Williams-Woodward: would be that probably the thing 135 00:08:58,340 --> 00:08:59,380 Jean Williams-Woodward: that would show up the most. 136 00:09:00,080 --> 00:09:02,220 Jean Williams-Woodward: We do not see Verticillium here in Georgia. 137 00:09:02,700 --> 00:09:04,520 Jean Williams-Woodward: Our soils actually are more acidic. 138 00:09:05,080 --> 00:09:09,080 Jean Williams-Woodward: and Verticillium doesn't really survive well in our acidic soil. 139 00:09:09,330 --> 00:09:13,580 Jean Williams-Woodward: So we just really do not see Verticillium causing many problems here. 140 00:09:14,010 --> 00:09:16,779 Jean Williams-Woodward: But if you were looking for this, you were seeing dieback in your trees, 141 00:09:17,330 --> 00:09:20,300 Jean Williams-Woodward: cut vertically on the stems that are actually showing some of the symptoms 142 00:09:20,930 --> 00:09:23,060 Jean Williams-Woodward: and see if you start seeing streaking in there. 143 00:09:23,230 --> 00:09:25,420 Jean Williams-Woodward: And that's something that we would have to then test for. 144 00:09:26,160 --> 00:09:31,459 Jean Williams-Woodward: The other thing we were seeing a lot of this year, especially in the spring, was actually anthracnose diseases. 145 00:09:31,709 --> 00:09:36,399 Jean Williams-Woodward: We had a very wet spring, and under wet, cool conditions, we see anthracnose. 146 00:09:38,420 --> 00:09:42,160 Jean Williams-Woodward: One of the things we were seeing a lot on was actually on some of the Japanese maples. 147 00:09:42,660 --> 00:09:44,800 Jean Williams-Woodward: where it is causing more of just spotting, 148 00:09:45,100 --> 00:09:48,280 Jean Williams-Woodward: irregular kind of blotchy kind of spots on the foliage. 149 00:09:48,840 --> 00:09:50,820 Jean Williams-Woodward: And then it also can cause stem cankers. 150 00:09:51,420 --> 00:09:55,860 Jean Williams-Woodward: There are several different fungi that actually cause maple anthracnose. 151 00:09:56,340 --> 00:09:59,260 Jean Williams-Woodward: So one of them is the Aureobasidium, 152 00:09:59,580 --> 00:10:02,620 Jean Williams-Woodward: which tends to cause more of the leaf spotting kind of symptoms. 153 00:10:03,180 --> 00:10:05,820 Jean Williams-Woodward: And then the other fungus is a Discula species 154 00:10:06,480 --> 00:10:08,360 Jean Williams-Woodward: that causes more of the stem cankers. 155 00:10:09,300 --> 00:10:11,100 Jean Williams-Woodward: And so when talk about stem cankers, 156 00:10:11,680 --> 00:10:12,640 Jean Williams-Woodward: this is what I'm talking about 157 00:10:12,940 --> 00:10:14,680 Jean Williams-Woodward: like here in the middle of the slide. 158 00:10:15,320 --> 00:10:17,000 Jean Williams-Woodward: You're seeing lesions that are developing 159 00:10:17,220 --> 00:10:20,260 Jean Williams-Woodward: and kind of almost like tan kind of dieback areas 160 00:10:21,080 --> 00:10:23,420 Jean Williams-Woodward: that if you were to cut through this, 161 00:10:24,620 --> 00:10:26,620 Jean Williams-Woodward: and expose the cambial tissues underneath, 162 00:10:27,240 --> 00:10:29,420 Jean Williams-Woodward: you would see what we're seeing here on the right hand side, 163 00:10:29,480 --> 00:10:32,500 Jean Williams-Woodward: which is this darkly discolored tissue inside the stem. 164 00:10:33,480 --> 00:10:36,380 Jean Williams-Woodward: That's why with anthracnose diseases, 165 00:10:36,680 --> 00:10:37,700 Jean Williams-Woodward: we'll see leaf spots, 166 00:10:37,740 --> 00:10:40,760 Jean Williams-Woodward: but we also tend to see like tip dieback. 167 00:10:41,380 --> 00:10:43,280 Jean Williams-Woodward: And it's because of these cankers that develop. 168 00:10:43,580 --> 00:10:46,460 Jean Williams-Woodward: Eventually that would girdle or grow around that stem, 169 00:10:47,020 --> 00:10:48,300 Jean Williams-Woodward: cutting off all the water supply. 170 00:10:48,940 --> 00:10:50,740 Jean Williams-Woodward: And then the tips of the branches would die. 171 00:10:51,420 --> 00:10:53,740 Jean Williams-Woodward: that is where your fungus is surviving. 172 00:10:54,280 --> 00:10:57,860 Jean Williams-Woodward: So if you had plants that actually had some of that tip-a-die back earlier, 173 00:10:58,260 --> 00:10:59,700 Jean Williams-Woodward: had some of this anthracnose earlier, 174 00:11:00,660 --> 00:11:03,460 Jean Williams-Woodward: if you still have dead stems on those plants, 175 00:11:03,820 --> 00:11:05,920 Jean Williams-Woodward: you will have anthracnose again next spring, 176 00:11:06,480 --> 00:11:09,300 Jean Williams-Woodward: especially if it is again another wet, cool spring. 177 00:11:10,040 --> 00:11:14,020 Jean Williams-Woodward: So going out and doing some pruning to try to remove those dead stems 178 00:11:14,340 --> 00:11:16,380 Jean Williams-Woodward: is going to help and reduce the amount of anthracnose 179 00:11:16,500 --> 00:11:18,000 Jean Williams-Woodward: you're going to see in the trees later on. 180 00:11:18,220 --> 00:11:26,300 Jean Williams-Woodward: You can use fungicides, but you're going to have to use them in the spring, trying to protect the foliage from actually becoming infected. 181 00:11:26,960 --> 00:11:30,720 Jean Williams-Woodward: There's a large number of different fungicides that are labeled for anthracnose. 182 00:11:31,100 --> 00:11:37,060 Jean Williams-Woodward: Most of those are listed in our Georgia Pest Management Handbook, and you can find that information actually online. 183 00:11:38,050 --> 00:11:42,140 Jean Williams-Woodward: You can get the Georgia Pest Management Handbook online, is what I meant to say. 184 00:11:42,880 --> 00:11:44,020 Jean Williams-Woodward: For the most part though, 185 00:11:44,920 --> 00:11:47,680 Jean Williams-Woodward: anthracnose diseases do not kill the plants. 186 00:11:47,900 --> 00:11:49,800 Jean Williams-Woodward: They just cause some of those branch diebacks. 187 00:11:50,260 --> 00:11:52,000 Jean Williams-Woodward: We saw a lot of it this past year. 188 00:11:52,340 --> 00:11:54,140 Jean Williams-Woodward: We saw it mostly on elms, 189 00:11:54,460 --> 00:11:55,720 Jean Williams-Woodward: excuse me, mostly on oaks, 190 00:11:56,100 --> 00:11:57,160 Jean Williams-Woodward: as well as on the maples. 191 00:11:57,740 --> 00:11:59,080 Jean Williams-Woodward: We also see it on sycamore, 192 00:11:59,560 --> 00:12:00,820 Jean Williams-Woodward: on the London plane trees. 193 00:12:01,120 --> 00:12:02,960 Jean Williams-Woodward: They were seeing a lot on that as well. 194 00:12:03,680 --> 00:12:07,920 Jean Williams-Woodward: It is spores being splashed from those dead branch tips 195 00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:09,660 Jean Williams-Woodward: or the kind of canker tips. 196 00:12:10,120 --> 00:12:15,199 Jean Williams-Woodward: Being splashed onto the newly developing leaves is how you're getting the anthracnose disease. 197 00:12:15,940 --> 00:12:20,480 Jean Williams-Woodward: There can be some secondary infections in the summertime, but it's not always there. 198 00:12:21,300 --> 00:12:25,420 Jean Williams-Woodward: The one thing about the picture I'm showing here, that is oak anthracnose, but 199 00:12:26,360 --> 00:12:29,080 Jean Williams-Woodward: This year we had oak anthracnose causing a lot of spotting. 200 00:12:29,610 --> 00:12:30,640 Jean Williams-Woodward: What was it, two years ago? 201 00:12:30,830 --> 00:12:34,900 Jean Williams-Woodward: It was seemed to be mostly leaf miners causing spotting on the oaks in the spring. 202 00:12:35,660 --> 00:12:37,900 Jean Williams-Woodward: So check your trees and check for leaf miners. 203 00:12:38,300 --> 00:12:41,740 Jean Williams-Woodward: And if you're not seeing a leaf miner, then it could be actually the anthracnose you're 204 00:12:42,820 --> 00:12:45,279 Jean Williams-Woodward: Anthracnose diseases, one of the things about them, 205 00:12:45,660 --> 00:12:46,620 Jean Williams-Woodward: as I have written here, 206 00:12:46,760 --> 00:12:48,640 Jean Williams-Woodward: is that you get severe infections 207 00:12:48,820 --> 00:12:50,100 Jean Williams-Woodward: will cause severe leaf drop. 208 00:12:50,560 --> 00:12:51,959 Jean Williams-Woodward: And when I say severe leaf drop, 209 00:12:52,519 --> 00:12:53,980 Jean Williams-Woodward: it will look like your leaves 210 00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:55,800 Jean Williams-Woodward: are just raining down from the tree. 211 00:12:56,620 --> 00:12:58,860 Jean Williams-Woodward: And so that can be very upsetting and concerning 212 00:12:59,459 --> 00:13:00,920 Jean Williams-Woodward: because you're getting a lot of leaf drop. 213 00:13:01,519 --> 00:13:02,660 Jean Williams-Woodward: That drop is gonna happen 214 00:13:03,700 --> 00:13:06,740 Jean Williams-Woodward: just rake and remove the leaves, get rid of those leaves. 215 00:13:06,950 --> 00:13:10,060 Jean Williams-Woodward: A second new growth will develop from the axillary buds. 216 00:13:10,470 --> 00:13:13,380 Jean Williams-Woodward: And then those leaves, because the environment is different, 217 00:13:14,200 --> 00:13:15,519 Jean Williams-Woodward: tend not to get any infection. 218 00:13:16,200 --> 00:13:18,300 Jean Williams-Woodward: So it's not something you have to really worry about 219 00:13:18,580 --> 00:13:19,420 Jean Williams-Woodward: later on in the year. 220 00:13:19,700 --> 00:13:22,339 Jean Williams-Woodward: It's really just that early spring kind of growth. 221 00:13:23,880 --> 00:13:28,459 Jean Williams-Woodward: I wanted to mention a little bit about boxwood blight. We've been telling about this for a long 222 00:13:28,680 --> 00:13:34,720 Jean Williams-Woodward: time and I had a graduate student working on this project looking at boxwood blight survival 223 00:13:34,779 --> 00:13:39,759 Jean Williams-Woodward: or the spore survival within the soil and we were seeing a 224 00:13:39,420 --> 00:13:47,480 Jean Williams-Woodward: We've seen landscapes where we have had almost basically decimation of the boxwoods within those landscapes. 225 00:13:47,960 --> 00:13:59,200 Jean Williams-Woodward: And like here, this picture in the lower left-hand side, they were 70-year-old dwarf English boxwoods that were killed within a matter of months because of boxwood blighted. 226 00:13:59,220 --> 00:14:04,720 Jean Williams-Woodward: But then we've also seen sites like this one, which is the Barnsley Gardens. 227 00:14:05,640 --> 00:14:10,240 Jean Williams-Woodward: That one has had boxwood blight in it since about 2014. 228 00:14:11,480 --> 00:14:12,940 Jean Williams-Woodward: And it's still there. 229 00:14:13,160 --> 00:14:14,200 Jean Williams-Woodward: Boxwood blight is still there. 230 00:14:14,400 --> 00:14:16,160 Jean Williams-Woodward: They didn't take out any of the plants. 231 00:14:16,920 --> 00:14:19,860 Jean Williams-Woodward: And the plants are, they're not thriving, but they're alive. 232 00:14:20,680 --> 00:14:23,900 Jean Williams-Woodward: And the biggest difference between some of this is that 233 00:14:24,340 --> 00:14:26,740 Jean Williams-Woodward: they don't let anybody in that garden anymore. 234 00:14:27,440 --> 00:14:31,500 Jean Williams-Woodward: And so a lot of the determination of whether boxwood blight is going to be 235 00:14:32,220 --> 00:14:34,680 Jean Williams-Woodward: something that's going to just wipe out boxwoods 236 00:14:34,820 --> 00:14:36,660 Jean Williams-Woodward: versus something that you might be able to live with 237 00:14:37,280 --> 00:14:38,780 Jean Williams-Woodward: is really depending upon the care. 238 00:14:39,320 --> 00:14:42,480 Jean Williams-Woodward: And I just want to show you just some symptoms of boxwood blight. 239 00:14:42,880 --> 00:14:45,180 Jean Williams-Woodward: If I'm being asked to look for boxwood blight, 240 00:14:45,380 --> 00:14:48,200 Jean Williams-Woodward: I'm usually looking around for the fallen leaf litter 241 00:14:48,480 --> 00:14:49,920 Jean Williams-Woodward: that might be underneath the plant. 242 00:14:50,600 --> 00:14:54,180 Jean Williams-Woodward: And then once I see that fallen leaf litter, like here on the left-hand side, 243 00:14:53,760 --> 00:14:53,880 Jean Williams-Woodward: And, 244 00:14:54,709 --> 00:14:58,580 Jean Williams-Woodward: then I'm going to start looking for black stem lesions, like here in the center picture, 245 00:14:59,420 --> 00:15:04,620 Jean Williams-Woodward: where I'll look for black stem lesions that usually is going to lead to a lot of leaf drop. 246 00:15:05,779 --> 00:15:07,740 Jean Williams-Woodward: You can see that here on the right hand side, 247 00:15:08,290 --> 00:15:09,759 Jean Williams-Woodward: where you have a lot of stems 248 00:15:10,259 --> 00:15:12,720 Jean Williams-Woodward: where the leaves look really oily kind of looking. 249 00:15:13,360 --> 00:15:15,360 Jean Williams-Woodward: And then you're also getting a lot of leaf drop 250 00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:17,019 Jean Williams-Woodward: amongst those plants. 251 00:15:17,680 --> 00:15:19,920 Jean Williams-Woodward: And then you might also see some leaf spotting. 252 00:15:20,480 --> 00:15:22,480 Jean Williams-Woodward: I don't rely on leaf spotting as the symptom 253 00:15:22,759 --> 00:15:23,519 Jean Williams-Woodward: that I'm looking for 254 00:15:23,670 --> 00:15:25,720 Jean Williams-Woodward: because often those leaves that are spotted 255 00:15:26,120 --> 00:15:28,519 Jean Williams-Woodward: they will drop from the plant while they're still green. 256 00:15:29,009 --> 00:15:31,759 Jean Williams-Woodward: So you may never see spots on the leaves 257 00:15:31,949 --> 00:15:35,120 Jean Williams-Woodward: because those leaves that have the spots are already fallen. 258 00:15:35,639 --> 00:15:39,319 Jean Williams-Woodward: So look for the defoliation and those fallen leaf litter 259 00:15:39,680 --> 00:15:42,639 Jean Williams-Woodward: underneath the plants and the black stem lesions 260 00:15:43,069 --> 00:15:45,180 Jean Williams-Woodward: to be able to identify boxwood blight. 261 00:15:46,680 --> 00:15:51,680 Jean Williams-Woodward: One of the things I was talking about is whether we can manage boxwood blight in existing landscapes. 262 00:15:52,540 --> 00:15:56,560 Jean Williams-Woodward: It's just this picture. This was on the left hand side is October of 2020. 263 00:15:57,420 --> 00:16:02,560 Jean Williams-Woodward: That was a planting of Kingston boxwood, which is like a dwarf bonsai kind of boxwood, 264 00:16:02,779 --> 00:16:04,560 Jean Williams-Woodward: or just a very slow growing boxwood. 265 00:16:04,920 --> 00:16:09,540 Jean Williams-Woodward: And you could see the amount of boxwood blight that is actually in that planting. 266 00:16:10,120 --> 00:16:14,819 Jean Williams-Woodward: The picture on the right is that same planting in October of 2023. 267 00:16:15,839 --> 00:16:18,319 Jean Williams-Woodward: And so it is, you can see the host has gotten bigger, 268 00:16:18,759 --> 00:16:21,540 Jean Williams-Woodward: the cephalotaxis has gotten bigger, or the yew has gotten bigger. 269 00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:23,639 Jean Williams-Woodward: But you can see the boxwood looks okay. 270 00:16:24,399 --> 00:16:26,740 Jean Williams-Woodward: And there was boxwood blight in that hedge. 271 00:16:26,860 --> 00:16:29,839 Jean Williams-Woodward: It was just on the backside of the planting. 272 00:16:30,339 --> 00:16:32,899 Jean Williams-Woodward: So on the backside of the hedge, you could find it. 273 00:16:33,060 --> 00:16:35,980 Jean Williams-Woodward: You could find some boxwood blight, but on the front, it looks okay. 274 00:16:36,720 --> 00:16:39,000 Jean Williams-Woodward: And the main thing about this was... 275 00:16:39,540 --> 00:16:42,460 Jean Williams-Woodward: The homeowner here is actually spraying fungicides himself. 276 00:16:42,970 --> 00:16:48,900 Jean Williams-Woodward: And so he's spraying fungicides every two weeks and it is keeping the boxwood blight in check. 277 00:16:49,640 --> 00:16:58,040 Jean Williams-Woodward: They also have three dogs and those dogs are not, are restricted in that they cannot go into the areas that have boxwoods. 278 00:16:58,700 --> 00:17:05,260 Jean Williams-Woodward: So that's the other care is the boxwood blight pathogen is spread often on fur of animals like cats and dogs. 279 00:17:06,020 --> 00:17:12,880 Jean Williams-Woodward: And if those animals are in and around the boxwoods, they will spread it from infected plants to healthier plants. 280 00:17:13,420 --> 00:17:17,520 Jean Williams-Woodward: And so they keep the dogs out of this area and he applies fungicides. 281 00:17:17,959 --> 00:17:20,100 Jean Williams-Woodward: That may not be something that everybody can do. 282 00:17:20,760 --> 00:17:25,600 Jean Williams-Woodward: But that's what this person is doing. This is the same landscape, again, just showing two areas. 283 00:17:26,110 --> 00:17:33,660 Jean Williams-Woodward: This was in October of 2020 on the left-hand side, and October of 23 here on the right-hand 284 00:17:33,840 --> 00:17:40,320 Jean Williams-Woodward: side. You can see in this case, it's a different boxwood cultivar. These are American boxwood here. 285 00:17:40,960 --> 00:17:43,200 Jean Williams-Woodward: And one of the things about it is that 286 00:17:43,220 --> 00:17:45,000 Jean Williams-Woodward: It still has boxwood blight. 287 00:17:45,419 --> 00:17:51,120 Jean Williams-Woodward: It doesn't look as good as the other Kingston boxwoods, but the plants are alive. 288 00:17:51,580 --> 00:17:53,500 Jean Williams-Woodward: And so for this homeowner, that was enough. 289 00:17:54,070 --> 00:17:55,279 Jean Williams-Woodward: That was acceptable. 290 00:17:55,919 --> 00:18:01,799 Jean Williams-Woodward: So it's still kind of poor growth, but it was acceptable amount of growth and acceptable amount of loss. 291 00:18:02,020 --> 00:18:04,500 Jean Williams-Woodward: It was better than actually ripping them all out. 292 00:18:04,760 --> 00:18:07,060 Jean Williams-Woodward: But again, they're keeping the dogs out of here 293 00:18:07,460 --> 00:18:10,120 Jean Williams-Woodward: and they are spraying fungicides all season long 294 00:18:10,560 --> 00:18:12,440 Jean Williams-Woodward: or pretty much all growing all summer 295 00:18:13,100 --> 00:18:14,540 Jean Williams-Woodward: with every two weeks. 296 00:18:15,120 --> 00:18:17,800 Jean Williams-Woodward: The other thing I mentioned that we looked at infection 297 00:18:18,980 --> 00:18:24,320 Jean Williams-Woodward: or I mean a survival of the boxwood blight pathogen in the soil, and we did not find it. 298 00:18:24,920 --> 00:18:32,500 Jean Williams-Woodward: In areas where boxwood blight seems to be held in check, either with fungicide use or cultivars, 299 00:18:32,610 --> 00:18:37,940 Jean Williams-Woodward: where we're not seeing a lot of new sporulation, we do not recover it from the soil. 300 00:18:38,170 --> 00:18:42,800 Jean Williams-Woodward: So we do not think that it actually can survive for long periods of time in the soil. 301 00:18:43,660 --> 00:18:53,340 Jean Williams-Woodward: However, if there is infection that is there and the box and the pathogen is able to produce a lot of spores, then we will find it in the soil. 302 00:18:53,840 --> 00:18:59,120 Jean Williams-Woodward: So we can get reinfection if you were to remove boxwoods and put new boxwoods in. 303 00:18:59,420 --> 00:19:05,020 Jean Williams-Woodward: You could get reinfection if the plants actually had a lot of sporulation prior to being taken out. 304 00:19:05,940 --> 00:19:10,180 Jean Williams-Woodward: So it's sort of a, yes, you know, will it survive or not? 305 00:19:10,740 --> 00:19:14,200 Jean Williams-Woodward: It is all dependent upon the amount of care that's happening with those plants. 306 00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:18,960 Jean Williams-Woodward: If there's no care and boxwood is rampant, we will be able to recover it from the soil 307 00:19:19,110 --> 00:19:20,920 Jean Williams-Woodward: and it will reinfect new plants. 308 00:19:21,780 --> 00:19:27,940 Jean Williams-Woodward: If you are caring for the boxwoods and keeping the pathogen from sporulating, then it will 309 00:19:28,060 --> 00:19:28,560 Jean Williams-Woodward: not survive. 310 00:19:28,890 --> 00:19:31,980 Jean Williams-Woodward: And you could go back in with actually new plants at that time. 311 00:19:32,840 --> 00:19:35,780 Jean Williams-Woodward: We still have, these are our boxwood blight management tactics. 312 00:19:36,140 --> 00:19:39,540 Jean Williams-Woodward: It's still, if you have it, if you can remove the plants, 313 00:19:39,640 --> 00:19:42,060 Jean Williams-Woodward: that's probably the best thing because many people cannot 314 00:19:42,240 --> 00:19:45,480 Jean Williams-Woodward: afford to go out every two weeks and spray fungicides. 315 00:19:46,180 --> 00:19:49,680 Jean Williams-Woodward: If you're, you need to disinfest pruning tools and clothing 316 00:19:50,020 --> 00:19:52,720 Jean Williams-Woodward: and gloves, especially sleeves or pants, 317 00:19:53,340 --> 00:19:57,220 Jean Williams-Woodward: Using like Lysol Disinfectant Spray actually works very well. 318 00:19:57,720 --> 00:19:58,880 Jean Williams-Woodward: That's the ready to use spray. 319 00:19:59,840 --> 00:20:06,480 Jean Williams-Woodward: Installing a mulch barrier underneath the plants actually can help to reduce some infection as well from the fallen leaf litter. 320 00:20:07,820 --> 00:20:13,820 Jean Williams-Woodward: There are some varieties that are the resistant varieties, are touted to be half-resistant. 321 00:20:14,440 --> 00:20:15,620 Jean Williams-Woodward: They are the Korean types. 322 00:20:16,060 --> 00:20:23,540 Jean Williams-Woodward: They tend to retain their leaves more than the American and dwarf English boxwoods, but they still become infected. 323 00:20:23,870 --> 00:20:25,980 Jean Williams-Woodward: They just don't show as many symptoms. 324 00:20:26,960 --> 00:20:32,700 Jean Williams-Woodward: If you're applying fungicides, it's basically on a 7 and 14 day interval. 325 00:20:33,120 --> 00:20:38,360 Jean Williams-Woodward: For people who have commercial landscape companies, that's probably not something as feasible. 326 00:20:38,980 --> 00:20:44,380 Jean Williams-Woodward: You going in with some of the systemics will give you a little bit longer activity, but 327 00:20:44,900 --> 00:20:49,179 Jean Williams-Woodward: we don't often see as good a control with that as well. 328 00:20:49,640 --> 00:20:54,299 Jean Williams-Woodward: And probably the most critical thing for boxwood blight spread is really, are there pets? 329 00:20:54,740 --> 00:20:57,679 Jean Williams-Woodward: This is this beautiful cat that I've shown pictures of him before. 330 00:20:58,360 --> 00:21:01,620 Jean Williams-Woodward: We nicknamed him Vector because he spread boxwood blight everywhere. 331 00:21:02,460 --> 00:21:10,600 Jean Williams-Woodward: But this beautiful cat and any cat or any dog that is moving through the, through a landscape could potentially spread the boxwood blight. 332 00:21:10,820 --> 00:21:13,720 Jean Williams-Woodward: And so when I get asked, is this going to spread? 333 00:21:13,919 --> 00:21:16,400 Jean Williams-Woodward: One of my first questions is always, do you have pets? 334 00:21:16,720 --> 00:21:20,200 Jean Williams-Woodward: And when people say they don't have pets, check with the neighbors. 335 00:21:20,419 --> 00:21:21,279 Jean Williams-Woodward: Do they have pets? 336 00:21:21,720 --> 00:21:24,899 Jean Williams-Woodward: Because this cat does not belong to that home. 337 00:21:25,220 --> 00:21:26,580 Jean Williams-Woodward: It actually belongs to the neighbor. 338 00:21:27,179 --> 00:21:29,880 Jean Williams-Woodward: But it did a great job of spreading some boxwood blight around. 339 00:21:30,860 --> 00:21:33,760 Jean Williams-Woodward: So that's something that's just look at that. 340 00:21:34,100 --> 00:21:34,260 Jean Williams-Woodward: Okay. 341 00:21:34,840 --> 00:21:39,200 Jean Williams-Woodward: I know I wanted to actually talk to you a little bit about some of the viruses and 342 00:21:39,440 --> 00:21:42,580 Jean Williams-Woodward: I just want to remind you, rose rosette virus is still out there. 343 00:21:42,919 --> 00:21:45,080 Jean Williams-Woodward: We've talked about that for a long period of time. 344 00:21:45,659 --> 00:21:50,100 Jean Williams-Woodward: Rose production in Georgia and our nurseries is even reduced even more. 345 00:21:50,539 --> 00:21:51,919 Jean Williams-Woodward: People are not putting in roses. 346 00:21:52,360 --> 00:21:54,600 Jean Williams-Woodward: If you do put in new roses... 347 00:21:55,080 --> 00:21:58,100 Jean Williams-Woodward: just they're going to get infected probably within two, three years 348 00:21:58,400 --> 00:22:00,820 Jean Williams-Woodward: because we have so much rose rosette out there. 349 00:22:01,380 --> 00:22:05,440 Jean Williams-Woodward: The virus I wanted to tell you about was one that we were identifying this year 350 00:22:05,840 --> 00:22:08,100 Jean Williams-Woodward: was actually a hydrangea ring spot virus. 351 00:22:08,820 --> 00:22:11,980 Jean Williams-Woodward: And this is a virus that when I first looked at this, 352 00:22:12,429 --> 00:22:14,679 Jean Williams-Woodward: the samples and the pictures that were sent to me, 353 00:22:15,600 --> 00:22:30,940 Jean Williams-Woodward: It looked, I would have said this is thrips damage, this is herbicide damage, it could be anything. I'm not sure what it is, but it didn't, to me, scream virus. And really this was a virus, this was this hydrangea ring spot virus. 354 00:22:31,320 --> 00:22:33,920 Jean Williams-Woodward: It is a mechanically transmitted virus. 355 00:22:34,470 --> 00:22:38,500 Jean Williams-Woodward: So anytime you're pruning, it can be spread on that with, 356 00:22:39,180 --> 00:22:41,060 Jean Williams-Woodward: with those pruning activities, 357 00:22:41,550 --> 00:22:44,640 Jean Williams-Woodward: as well as also for propagating off of infected plants. 358 00:22:45,960 --> 00:22:49,520 Jean Williams-Woodward: This is some more sample that came into our plant disease clinic. 359 00:22:50,140 --> 00:22:54,600 Jean Williams-Woodward: And in this case, we weren't seeing such distortion of the foliage, at least not yet. 360 00:22:54,680 --> 00:22:57,120 Jean Williams-Woodward: This was younger tip cuttings. 361 00:22:57,580 --> 00:23:05,220 Jean Williams-Woodward: But if you're looking here, you can see these tiny little rings developing on the leaves and in and around all the veins. 362 00:23:05,940 --> 00:23:08,700 Jean Williams-Woodward: And as well as there was also some distortion of the flowers. 363 00:23:08,980 --> 00:23:10,480 Jean Williams-Woodward: And that's what this virus will do. 364 00:23:10,800 --> 00:23:16,800 Jean Williams-Woodward: It will also cause that flower, reduced flowering, as well as some distortion of the flowering. 365 00:23:17,340 --> 00:23:21,480 Jean Williams-Woodward: But this is, there is no control for this virus. 366 00:23:22,160 --> 00:23:25,080 Jean Williams-Woodward: And we're actually seeing some of it showing up in some production 367 00:23:25,400 --> 00:23:26,760 Jean Williams-Woodward: as well as also in landscapes. 368 00:23:27,600 --> 00:23:29,820 Jean Williams-Woodward: But it is something to be looking for. 369 00:23:30,380 --> 00:23:33,660 Jean Williams-Woodward: And then also know that it is spread through pruning activities. 370 00:23:34,080 --> 00:23:35,800 Jean Williams-Woodward: So if you're a company that is 371 00:23:36,120 --> 00:23:41,460 Jean Williams-Woodward: You're propagating from hydrangeas, then make sure you're not propagating off of these kind of plants. 372 00:23:41,940 --> 00:23:43,160 Jean Williams-Woodward: Our plants where they have these symptoms. 373 00:23:43,620 --> 00:23:54,580 Jean Williams-Woodward: If you're a landscape company, you do not want to be propagating off of, or I mean, you want to be aware of the virus so that if you're going through and doing any pruning, you're not pruning already infected viruses. 374 00:23:55,360 --> 00:23:58,640 Jean Williams-Woodward: So I want to make sure that Shimat has time to actually talk. 375 00:23:59,030 --> 00:24:03,100 Jean Williams-Woodward: So I'm going to stop here because I just told you my doom and gloom. 376 00:24:03,470 --> 00:24:06,840 Jean Williams-Woodward: And I've got to tell you about how all your hydrangeas are going to die now. 377 00:24:07,200 --> 00:24:09,000 Jean Williams-Woodward: So I'll let him take over. 378 00:24:09,880 --> 00:24:10,220 Shimat Joseph: Thank you. 379 00:24:10,420 --> 00:24:11,700 Shimat Joseph: Thank you so much, Jean. 380 00:24:12,340 --> 00:24:14,740 Shimat Joseph: So let me do that a few minutes early. 381 00:24:15,560 --> 00:24:19,860 Shimat Joseph: And I want to make sure that the questions are addressed. 382 00:24:20,290 --> 00:24:20,400 Shimat Joseph: Okay. 383 00:24:21,070 --> 00:24:21,380 Shimat Joseph: Thank you. 384 00:24:22,340 --> 00:24:32,840 Shimat Joseph: Let me move on and I'll be the second speaker for this hour and I'm an entomologist with the turf and ornamentals. 385 00:24:32,960 --> 00:24:33,720 Shimat Joseph: Give me one second. 386 00:24:36,960 --> 00:24:38,100 Shimat Joseph: I hope you all can see. 387 00:24:41,520 --> 00:24:41,840 Shimat Joseph: Here we go. 388 00:24:44,620 --> 00:24:45,340 Shimat Joseph: I'm good. 389 00:24:46,100 --> 00:24:47,380 Shimat Joseph: OK, thank you so much. 390 00:24:47,580 --> 00:24:49,080 Shimat Joseph: So my plan for this. 391 00:24:50,260 --> 00:24:52,080 Shimat Joseph: So Rich, can you do me a favor? 392 00:24:53,480 --> 00:24:58,060 Shimat Joseph: Can you let me know like before, like five minutes to five? 393 00:24:58,919 --> 00:25:01,360 Rich Braman: Yeah, absolutely. So we can get back into questions. 394 00:25:02,010 --> 00:25:02,179 Rich Braman: Yes. 395 00:25:03,299 --> 00:25:06,919 Shimat Joseph: Because I can see from here at the screen, everything is gone. 396 00:25:07,519 --> 00:25:10,340 Rich Braman: Yeah, I will. So 5TL, I'll let you know. 397 00:25:10,779 --> 00:25:11,659 Rich Braman: Thank you so much. 398 00:25:13,370 --> 00:25:16,580 Shimat Joseph: Okay, I'm trying to get this light moving. 399 00:25:18,080 --> 00:25:21,840 Rich Braman: I have to click on it again since it probably pulled it off. 400 00:25:23,320 --> 00:25:24,400 Shimat Joseph: So I have to do it again? 401 00:25:25,480 --> 00:25:28,680 Rich Braman: You might just have to click on your slide and then you can use your keyboard. 402 00:25:29,460 --> 00:25:31,560 Rich Braman: Oh, okay. Here we go. You got it. 403 00:25:31,800 --> 00:25:34,500 Rich Braman: I don't know why, but it pulls it away sometimes when you're messing with Zoom. 404 00:25:35,160 --> 00:25:40,340 Shimat Joseph: Yeah, thank you. So, okay. So today, I don't know how much time I got to go through, 405 00:25:40,540 --> 00:25:43,100 Shimat Joseph: but I will try my best to hit the main points. 406 00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:47,620 Shimat Joseph: So I'm thinking about going through three insect pests. 407 00:25:47,880 --> 00:25:48,920 Shimat Joseph: They are invasive insects. 408 00:25:50,720 --> 00:25:53,380 Shimat Joseph: One we have, a couple of them we have here in Georgia, 409 00:25:53,620 --> 00:25:56,220 Shimat Joseph: but the first one, the box tree moth, we don't have it. 410 00:25:56,780 --> 00:25:59,760 Shimat Joseph: So before I start, I just want to ask you all 411 00:25:59,880 --> 00:26:00,860 Shimat Joseph: because we have a website 412 00:26:01,400 --> 00:26:03,760 Shimat Joseph: for called turf and ornamental pest management. 413 00:26:04,460 --> 00:26:06,260 Shimat Joseph: You can get that QR code from here. 414 00:26:06,960 --> 00:26:10,020 Shimat Joseph: And if you can sign up with your email and your name, 415 00:26:10,700 --> 00:26:15,480 Shimat Joseph: You can get any new blogs, any new updates that we have on insects. 416 00:26:16,560 --> 00:26:22,180 Shimat Joseph: Sometimes we also have pathology and weed science also regarding turf and ornamental. 417 00:26:22,320 --> 00:26:28,080 Shimat Joseph: So if you sign up, you'll get an email saying any post new updates on anything. 418 00:26:28,420 --> 00:26:36,360 Shimat Joseph: So any updates on insects or new pest or old pest, if we write any article, it will show up. 419 00:26:36,740 --> 00:26:39,080 Shimat Joseph: If you want to sign up, please do. 420 00:26:40,680 --> 00:26:48,660 Shimat Joseph: okay to start with the box tree moth so this is a recent pest in in us in the 421 00:26:48,760 --> 00:26:55,560 Shimat Joseph: us and this basically very specific on box tree boxwood basically boxwood and 422 00:26:55,980 --> 00:27:00,280 Shimat Joseph: now if you look at where the eds spread it is spread in 423 00:27:01,220 --> 00:27:06,760 Shimat Joseph: states like Michigan, Ohio, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York. 424 00:27:07,210 --> 00:27:10,260 Shimat Joseph: And there is one incident, one detection in South Carolina, 425 00:27:10,700 --> 00:27:14,140 Shimat Joseph: but we don't have an established population in South Carolina yet. 426 00:27:15,140 --> 00:27:15,960 Shimat Joseph: But it was detected. 427 00:27:16,300 --> 00:27:17,660 Shimat Joseph: Same the case in Tennessee. 428 00:27:18,840 --> 00:27:26,639 Shimat Joseph: It is native to Asia, but were accidentally brought in through Europe and Europe to Canada 429 00:27:26,769 --> 00:27:29,139 Shimat Joseph: and came from Ontario all the way down. 430 00:27:29,510 --> 00:27:33,200 Shimat Joseph: So it's first seen in New York and now it's spreading south. 431 00:27:34,059 --> 00:27:39,260 Shimat Joseph: So all these states where these are, this pest is found is basically quarantined. 432 00:27:39,820 --> 00:27:44,779 Shimat Joseph: But you know, bugs can fly, so this can, adults can fly and they can expand. 433 00:27:45,220 --> 00:27:48,520 Shimat Joseph: It can be picked up by the wind and the storm and things like that. 434 00:27:49,160 --> 00:27:52,880 Shimat Joseph: So, you know, so much this quarantine will be very effective. 435 00:27:53,560 --> 00:28:00,380 Shimat Joseph: So we expect, you know, as any invasive insecticide will also spread with time. 436 00:28:01,720 --> 00:28:02,760 Shimat Joseph: So the problem is this. 437 00:28:03,070 --> 00:28:07,660 Shimat Joseph: So you can see the boxwood plants are basically destroyed. 438 00:28:08,600 --> 00:28:09,720 Shimat Joseph: That's why this is one of, 439 00:28:09,950 --> 00:28:11,760 Shimat Joseph: I don't think we have any pests like this 440 00:28:12,220 --> 00:28:15,740 Shimat Joseph: that can cause this level of damage to boxwood. 441 00:28:17,020 --> 00:28:24,040 Shimat Joseph: So we know boxwood is so important to us and they are grown widely and in urban areas of course they are seen everywhere. 442 00:28:24,890 --> 00:28:33,500 Shimat Joseph: So this pest looks like this. This is an adult and you can see a brown coloration in the band, coloration in the border of the wing. 443 00:28:34,440 --> 00:28:40,440 Shimat Joseph: And there is a two comas that you see. The middle part of those wings are all white in color. 444 00:28:41,360 --> 00:28:44,320 Shimat Joseph: So wingspan is about two inches wide. 445 00:28:44,810 --> 00:28:48,960 Shimat Joseph: And adults can live up to 30 days, female. 446 00:28:51,080 --> 00:28:53,220 Shimat Joseph: And they can spread up to six miles. 447 00:28:53,340 --> 00:28:56,780 Shimat Joseph: So they are not very great flyers, but they can fly. 448 00:28:57,020 --> 00:29:02,180 Shimat Joseph: But the challenge is more like they'll be picked up by the wind and the storms that's 449 00:29:02,420 --> 00:29:05,580 Shimat Joseph: moving from north to south or whatever direction it takes. 450 00:29:05,590 --> 00:29:08,360 Shimat Joseph: And that's how they spread, just like fall armyworm. 451 00:29:09,760 --> 00:29:15,420 Shimat Joseph: eggs are basically a translucent greenish in color they are typically laid under under the 452 00:29:15,760 --> 00:29:22,880 Shimat Joseph: leaves okay on the base of the leaves not on the surface and you'll see about 10 eggs laid per female 453 00:29:25,840 --> 00:29:30,380 Shimat Joseph: and eggs hatch within a few days, like two to three days. 454 00:29:31,180 --> 00:29:32,440 Shimat Joseph: And it all depends on temperature. 455 00:29:33,500 --> 00:29:36,640 Shimat Joseph: And the first instars are gregarious, they stay together 456 00:29:37,420 --> 00:29:40,480 Shimat Joseph: and they start scraping the leaf epidermal cells 457 00:29:38,750 --> 00:29:38,980 Shimat Joseph: okay 458 00:29:40,550 --> 00:29:41,260 Shimat Joseph: and start feeding. 459 00:29:41,980 --> 00:29:43,640 Shimat Joseph: And as they grow bigger and bigger, 460 00:29:44,680 --> 00:29:46,560 Shimat Joseph: you'll see they are lime-green in color 461 00:29:47,280 --> 00:29:51,240 Shimat Joseph: with the black stripes that goes lengthwise. 462 00:29:52,880 --> 00:29:55,920 Shimat Joseph: with a dark, with a black head, okay. 463 00:29:56,610 --> 00:30:00,300 Shimat Joseph: They overwinter in a silken casing, they make a webbing. 464 00:30:01,020 --> 00:30:04,900 Shimat Joseph: And basically overwinter has a instar, a larval stage. 465 00:30:05,530 --> 00:30:08,380 Shimat Joseph: So they overwinter has a larval, they pass through that. 466 00:30:09,000 --> 00:30:11,560 Shimat Joseph: And then in springtime, the larvae come out 467 00:30:11,820 --> 00:30:13,020 Shimat Joseph: and they will do some more feeding 468 00:30:13,130 --> 00:30:14,320 Shimat Joseph: and they will keep in the same, 469 00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:17,660 Shimat Joseph: same silken case that they made, 470 00:30:17,900 --> 00:30:19,280 Shimat Joseph: silken chamber they made. 471 00:30:19,960 --> 00:30:26,820 Shimat Joseph: okay they pupate for two weeks and there goes the female the adults comes out and mate and start 472 00:30:26,960 --> 00:30:35,880 Shimat Joseph: laying eggs and the cycle continues so this is a picture showing the the mature caterpillars as you 473 00:30:35,960 --> 00:30:43,480 Shimat Joseph: can see they are lime-green colored with a black stripe and the black color black head capsule 474 00:30:43,800 --> 00:30:45,820 Shimat Joseph: that's really distinctive here 475 00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:53,940 Shimat Joseph: So they like cool conditions, but they can go through about five generations. 476 00:30:55,100 --> 00:30:56,740 Shimat Joseph: That's what we know, five generations. 477 00:30:57,150 --> 00:31:03,020 Shimat Joseph: This is up north, but if it land here in the southern part of the US, then it's possible 478 00:31:03,120 --> 00:31:04,960 Shimat Joseph: that can go through more than five generations. 479 00:31:05,880 --> 00:31:14,800 Shimat Joseph: And we don't know how well it will do because our summers are really harsh, especially in central to south Georgia. 480 00:31:14,970 --> 00:31:17,740 Shimat Joseph: So not sure how they will perform here. 481 00:31:18,420 --> 00:31:24,100 Shimat Joseph: But based on what we know, they are doing really well up to five generations up in the north. 482 00:31:25,840 --> 00:31:28,780 Shimat Joseph: The problem is this, you know, the damage it costs. 483 00:31:29,050 --> 00:31:33,860 Shimat Joseph: So it can, it starts off very minor with some leaf feeding. 484 00:31:35,020 --> 00:31:40,420 Shimat Joseph: With time, as the population builds up with a couple of generations, it can decimate the plant. 485 00:31:40,840 --> 00:31:44,280 Shimat Joseph: One peculiar thing about this caterpillar is that it can feed on the stem. 486 00:31:44,840 --> 00:31:54,500 Shimat Joseph: So if the population is very high, it can scrape off the stem and it basically disrupts the movement of food from the leaves to roots and water. 487 00:31:55,220 --> 00:31:59,080 Shimat Joseph: Basically that's how the plant basically succumbed to this pest. 488 00:31:59,660 --> 00:32:05,200 Shimat Joseph: okay that's why this pest is kind of dangerous in a way we don't want it but that's what it is 489 00:32:05,880 --> 00:32:11,760 Shimat Joseph: this is some few pictures about that the caterpillar stage as you can see is that capsule is 490 00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:21,200 Shimat Joseph: black in color and they make some extensive webbing when damage occurs and you you got to see a lot of 491 00:32:21,320 --> 00:32:25,000 Shimat Joseph: caterpillars so it is very very unique looking 492 00:32:25,320 --> 00:32:33,420 Shimat Joseph: kind of most of the leaves gone and you must see a lot of caterpillars if that damage your kind of 493 00:32:33,600 --> 00:32:40,220 Shimat Joseph: guessing towards box remod. Management wise if you can get it early it's not difficult to manage 494 00:32:40,440 --> 00:32:46,000 Shimat Joseph: that's what I heard because just like fall armyworm like we know that as a caterpillar moves to 495 00:32:46,780 --> 00:32:52,200 Shimat Joseph: third fourth and fifth instar larval stages it's very difficult even with effective insecticide 496 00:32:52,500 --> 00:32:55,000 Shimat Joseph: So same case, same thing is applies here as well. 497 00:32:55,519 --> 00:32:57,240 Shimat Joseph: The younger the caterpillar, easy to manage. 498 00:32:57,889 --> 00:32:58,760 Shimat Joseph: So that's what it is. 499 00:32:58,889 --> 00:33:02,659 Shimat Joseph: And a lot of pyrethroids and spinosad are proven effective. 500 00:33:03,100 --> 00:33:06,960 Shimat Joseph: So I believe that diamides such as chlorandriniprol, that is Acelepryn, 501 00:33:07,559 --> 00:33:10,360 Shimat Joseph: and other products like mainspring and all should work as well. 502 00:33:11,399 --> 00:33:13,120 Shimat Joseph: multiple applications definitely needed. 503 00:33:13,779 --> 00:33:16,139 Shimat Joseph: If you can do it early application of BT, 504 00:33:16,169 --> 00:33:17,240 Shimat Joseph: if you want to go with BT, 505 00:33:17,960 --> 00:33:20,220 Shimat Joseph: the strain kurstaki works very well. 506 00:33:20,799 --> 00:33:23,460 Shimat Joseph: That's kind of shown with research. 507 00:33:24,899 --> 00:33:25,000 Shimat Joseph: Okay. 508 00:33:26,220 --> 00:33:29,340 Shimat Joseph: Okay, let me switch gears and move to another test, 509 00:33:29,590 --> 00:33:30,820 Shimat Joseph: that is spotted lanternfly. 510 00:33:31,580 --> 00:33:33,899 Shimat Joseph: Again, it is a, the name says fly, 511 00:33:34,120 --> 00:33:35,120 Shimat Joseph: but it's not a true fly. 512 00:33:35,289 --> 00:33:36,760 Shimat Joseph: It is a plant hopper. 513 00:33:37,320 --> 00:33:43,920 Shimat Joseph: okay the thing is that it can go after many hosts in this case so unlike box three moth this is very 514 00:33:44,720 --> 00:33:48,740 Shimat Joseph: kind of polyphagous in other words it can deal with multiple pan families 515 00:33:49,740 --> 00:33:55,580 Shimat Joseph: it is a pest now we know it's best in not so much on peaches but definitely on grapes 516 00:33:56,380 --> 00:33:56,980 Shimat Joseph: that we know. 517 00:33:57,540 --> 00:34:00,800 Shimat Joseph: On the landscapes, it is a problem. 518 00:34:01,390 --> 00:34:02,960 Shimat Joseph: It can cause a lot of nuisance. 519 00:34:03,810 --> 00:34:06,300 Shimat Joseph: It creates issues with aesthetics, for sure. 520 00:34:06,480 --> 00:34:08,480 Shimat Joseph: That's what the business is, right, we are in. 521 00:34:09,000 --> 00:34:10,919 Shimat Joseph: But it is rarely a tree-killer. 522 00:34:11,300 --> 00:34:11,899 Shimat Joseph: That's what we know. 523 00:34:12,359 --> 00:34:17,659 Shimat Joseph: It doesn't go after unless it is a young tree and there you're seeing an extensively, 524 00:34:18,599 --> 00:34:21,179 Shimat Joseph: excessively higher number of bugs on it. 525 00:34:21,599 --> 00:34:27,960 Shimat Joseph: Otherwise, it's not going to kill the tree, but it definitely make the tree look bad for sure. 526 00:34:28,980 --> 00:34:34,339 Shimat Joseph: so right now this is the spread so it's been reduced in Allen town in 527 00:34:34,579 --> 00:34:39,399 Shimat Joseph: Pennsylvania and you can see me the time it is 2014 when it was first detected 528 00:34:40,139 --> 00:34:44,819 Shimat Joseph: now we are in 2024 about 10 years this is a spread we are seeing okay 529 00:34:44,919 --> 00:34:49,819 Shimat Joseph: It is a serious problem in Tennessee right now, especially in two counties. 530 00:34:50,450 --> 00:34:55,980 Shimat Joseph: And there is another county that is closer to Virginia that we know we have seen as a problem too. 531 00:34:56,099 --> 00:34:59,339 Shimat Joseph: So three counties in Tennessee, it is a problem. 532 00:34:59,559 --> 00:35:01,579 Shimat Joseph: We are seeing an established population. 533 00:35:03,680 --> 00:35:06,460 Shimat Joseph: So in Tennessee, it was first detected in 2013, 534 00:35:06,710 --> 00:35:07,440 Shimat Joseph: that is a year ago. 535 00:35:08,300 --> 00:35:09,240 Shimat Joseph: Now it is in three counties. 536 00:35:09,490 --> 00:35:10,380 Shimat Joseph: So it is so quick. 537 00:35:11,100 --> 00:35:15,260 Shimat Joseph: So the reason why I'm talking about this pest is, 538 00:35:15,720 --> 00:35:17,000 Shimat Joseph: detection is very critical. 539 00:35:17,380 --> 00:35:19,880 Shimat Joseph: So this is more like creating awareness about this pest. 540 00:35:20,320 --> 00:35:23,780 Shimat Joseph: we want to know early, the better we can intercept 541 00:35:24,080 --> 00:35:28,140 Shimat Joseph: and maybe we can, maybe, you know, reduce the spread in our state. 542 00:35:28,840 --> 00:35:31,240 Shimat Joseph: But often the situation is that we come to know 543 00:35:31,400 --> 00:35:33,040 Shimat Joseph: when the population is already established 544 00:35:33,920 --> 00:35:38,060 Shimat Joseph: and not really, like, then the eradication or quarantine 545 00:35:38,880 --> 00:35:41,520 Shimat Joseph: may not do well, as we think, as, you know, 546 00:35:41,960 --> 00:35:43,920 Shimat Joseph: especially under quarantine in Pennsylvania, 547 00:35:44,240 --> 00:35:45,060 Shimat Joseph: but still it is spreading. 548 00:35:46,180 --> 00:35:47,060 Shimat Joseph: That's a situation. 549 00:35:47,860 --> 00:35:54,140 Shimat Joseph: So this is a detection, the red is where it was originally found and it's kind of established, 550 00:35:54,440 --> 00:35:55,900 Shimat Joseph: that's what we think, in Tennessee. 551 00:35:56,680 --> 00:35:58,820 Shimat Joseph: Okay, this is all Tennessee story right now, okay. 552 00:35:59,360 --> 00:36:04,900 Shimat Joseph: But now you can see with all the green spots is the detections this year, you can see how 553 00:36:04,900 --> 00:36:08,600 Shimat Joseph: they are finding around that first established population. 554 00:36:09,740 --> 00:36:15,420 Shimat Joseph: This is on another county, not so much, but they are also spreading from that initial introduction. 555 00:36:16,960 --> 00:36:23,660 Shimat Joseph: so just want to touch base on two things one is the egg laying behavior so they 556 00:36:23,660 --> 00:36:29,860 Shimat Joseph: lay eggs towards I would say mid to late September that's what we are seeing in 557 00:36:29,980 --> 00:36:33,920 Shimat Joseph: Tennessee okay it's going more likely to be the case in our situation if it is 558 00:36:34,400 --> 00:36:35,220 Shimat Joseph: established here in Georgia 559 00:36:36,080 --> 00:36:38,680 Shimat Joseph: So mid to late September, we're seeing it masses. 560 00:36:39,260 --> 00:36:40,480 Shimat Joseph: It's just like a mud patch. 561 00:36:40,710 --> 00:36:42,280 Shimat Joseph: See, it's like a mud patch. 562 00:36:42,710 --> 00:36:46,100 Shimat Joseph: And think about this happening on a tree or... 563 00:36:46,460 --> 00:36:49,620 Shimat Joseph: We may not be able to see it properly because of that coloration. 564 00:36:49,710 --> 00:36:53,880 Shimat Joseph: It camouflages very well with the tree bar color. 565 00:36:55,200 --> 00:36:59,780 Shimat Joseph: And yeah, and they can lay on any place. 566 00:37:00,100 --> 00:37:03,100 Shimat Joseph: So it doesn't matter whether it is a tree or... 567 00:37:03,460 --> 00:37:06,760 Shimat Joseph: Your RV is standing there or your car. 568 00:37:07,270 --> 00:37:08,040 Shimat Joseph: It can be anything. 569 00:37:08,230 --> 00:37:09,740 Shimat Joseph: So that's why this is crazy. 570 00:37:11,320 --> 00:37:15,760 Shimat Joseph: So in Georgia, this year, we have some detections. 571 00:37:16,400 --> 00:37:20,040 Shimat Joseph: So this is the first time we are seeing detection in Georgia. 572 00:37:20,780 --> 00:37:21,880 Shimat Joseph: That is from Fulton County. 573 00:37:22,480 --> 00:37:26,200 Shimat Joseph: This I pulled from Georgia Department of Agriculture website. 574 00:37:26,920 --> 00:37:28,620 Shimat Joseph: I just did that this morning. 575 00:37:29,330 --> 00:37:30,900 Shimat Joseph: And they are saying... 576 00:37:31,380 --> 00:37:34,460 Shimat Joseph: live populations, I don't know what exactly that means, 577 00:37:34,980 --> 00:37:37,640 Shimat Joseph: but if it is a population, we are talking about large numbers, 578 00:37:38,720 --> 00:37:42,460 Shimat Joseph: but I don't think that's the case based on interaction I have. 579 00:37:43,220 --> 00:37:45,160 Shimat Joseph: It's all few detections here and there. 580 00:37:45,520 --> 00:37:46,640 Shimat Joseph: That's what we saw this year. 581 00:37:47,160 --> 00:37:50,920 Shimat Joseph: I hope it's not population build up here, but we'll know with time. 582 00:37:51,220 --> 00:37:55,700 Shimat Joseph: So maybe next year we will know what's really the cases. 583 00:37:56,079 --> 00:37:56,200 Shimat Joseph: Okay. 584 00:37:57,460 --> 00:37:58,839 Shimat Joseph: So it is in Georgia now. 585 00:37:59,520 --> 00:38:00,660 Shimat Joseph: That's the news for us. 586 00:38:00,869 --> 00:38:04,160 Shimat Joseph: So in last year, until October, 587 00:38:04,380 --> 00:38:06,099 Shimat Joseph: we were saying it's not there in Georgia, 588 00:38:06,640 --> 00:38:08,380 Shimat Joseph: but now we know it's there in Georgia 589 00:38:08,680 --> 00:38:12,299 Shimat Joseph: because of the detections that we had in October. 590 00:38:15,060 --> 00:38:16,800 Shimat Joseph: So I'll quickly move through this. 591 00:38:18,100 --> 00:38:21,060 Shimat Joseph: One aspect of this pest is polyphagous, I already said. 592 00:38:21,200 --> 00:38:27,000 Shimat Joseph: And I want to highlight a few hosts here like maple, oaks, elms and also dogwood. 593 00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:32,380 Shimat Joseph: So these are some of the hosts we see in urban areas, especially in Atlanta and places in cities. 594 00:38:33,440 --> 00:38:34,960 Shimat Joseph: So that is something to pay attention. 595 00:38:35,920 --> 00:38:39,039 Shimat Joseph: and this is the problem with this pest. 596 00:38:39,260 --> 00:38:42,079 Shimat Joseph: Basically, it feeds on the trunk of the tree 597 00:38:42,819 --> 00:38:44,980 Shimat Joseph: because it has a pretty long mouth part. 598 00:38:45,640 --> 00:38:48,920 Shimat Joseph: And as it sucks, it basically puts the straw 599 00:38:49,220 --> 00:38:50,279 Shimat Joseph: into the foam tissue. 600 00:38:50,960 --> 00:38:55,760 Shimat Joseph: into the phloem tissue and the phloem tissue, basically phloem tissue, sorry about that, phloem tissue, 601 00:38:56,320 --> 00:39:01,140 Shimat Joseph: where the food is transported. And they basically ingest more than what they need, and basically 602 00:39:01,360 --> 00:39:07,580 Shimat Joseph: that's where you see all the honeydew that's produced, and the sooty mold fungus that basically 603 00:39:07,740 --> 00:39:16,820 Shimat Joseph: grows on the honeydew. And you'll see that a lot of trees covered black, turning black in color. 604 00:39:17,680 --> 00:39:23,359 Shimat Joseph: So this is the adult and you can see it is grey-coloured, about one inch long. 605 00:39:23,720 --> 00:39:26,660 Shimat Joseph: It's not a small, very pretty insect. 606 00:39:26,839 --> 00:39:32,040 Shimat Joseph: I would say as an entomologist, it's very pretty to see this insect, but there is a lot 607 00:39:32,040 --> 00:39:32,300 Shimat Joseph: of them. 608 00:39:32,500 --> 00:39:33,000 Shimat Joseph: That's a problem. 609 00:39:34,039 --> 00:39:36,380 Shimat Joseph: And this is what I was talking about the egg-laying behavior. 610 00:39:36,980 --> 00:39:41,119 Shimat Joseph: The eggs are laid, about 35 eggs are there and they leave it like a patch. 611 00:39:41,839 --> 00:39:45,720 Shimat Joseph: But with time what happens with the mud patch thing, whatever is the covering kind of erodes 612 00:39:45,799 --> 00:39:49,119 Shimat Joseph: out and you start seeing eggs sometime in springtime. 613 00:39:49,819 --> 00:39:50,559 Shimat Joseph: That's what we see. 614 00:39:51,440 --> 00:39:56,580 Shimat Joseph: okay and this is the mud patch and you can see in the spring time this is what we see 615 00:39:57,230 --> 00:40:06,240 Shimat Joseph: so there will be around 32 35 32 50 eggs in a mass okay and a female can lay up to two egg masses 616 00:40:08,260 --> 00:40:16,520 Shimat Joseph: These are the young ones. This is the first nymph, the first young stage of the spotted lanternfly. 617 00:40:17,240 --> 00:40:21,600 Shimat Joseph: And as they molt into the fourth nymphal instar, they become red and black. 618 00:40:24,940 --> 00:40:30,780 Shimat Joseph: But the first two, three nymphal instars, young nymphs, they are all black and black with white dots. 619 00:40:31,280 --> 00:40:36,380 Shimat Joseph: okay as the molten the fourth and start look like that and after that they just directly 620 00:40:36,680 --> 00:40:42,440 Shimat Joseph: mold into adults they don't have pupal stage okay they direct the no pupal some feeding can cause 621 00:40:42,599 --> 00:40:49,200 Shimat Joseph: this beeping you see the sap oozing out and that is something that we have seen in pennsylvania 622 00:40:50,800 --> 00:40:55,260 Shimat Joseph: And these are some pictures that show the sooty mold growing everywhere. 623 00:40:55,510 --> 00:40:58,360 Shimat Joseph: If you look here on the ground, it's all pitch black. 624 00:40:58,910 --> 00:41:05,140 Shimat Joseph: It's all people describe as if there is a rain falling down when you have infestation on a tree. 625 00:41:05,980 --> 00:41:09,100 Shimat Joseph: That's the way people describe it and because there's tons of them on a tree. 626 00:41:10,819 --> 00:41:14,819 Shimat Joseph: there are few sometimes i don't think this is a very common thing but if the 627 00:41:15,400 --> 00:41:19,319 Shimat Joseph: honeydew production is too high it can ferment because it's basically sugar 628 00:41:19,660 --> 00:41:24,980 Shimat Joseph: right it can ferment and this can become this kind of not great looking 629 00:41:26,440 --> 00:41:32,660 Shimat Joseph: this lampshade trap is used in Tennessee to see the population where you know the 630 00:41:32,869 --> 00:41:37,859 Shimat Joseph: the females like to go underneath and lay eggs so this is one tactic they are 631 00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:41,140 Shimat Joseph: using and they can remove this and destroy the eggs okay 632 00:41:41,220 --> 00:41:45,880 Shimat Joseph: they are trying it but you know you can reach so much because we have seen 633 00:41:46,760 --> 00:41:51,700 Shimat Joseph: they're laying up in the canopy so it's very difficult to reach at that far 634 00:41:52,500 --> 00:41:55,820 Shimat Joseph: and they are spread mostly along the rail course wherever the rail cars are 635 00:41:55,940 --> 00:41:59,380 Shimat Joseph: stopped and moving from north to south and different 636 00:41:59,660 --> 00:42:05,800 Shimat Joseph: places and as they're stopped here they hatch and they hop and spread that way 637 00:42:06,800 --> 00:42:08,080 Shimat Joseph: and people hitchhike, right? 638 00:42:08,160 --> 00:42:09,240 Shimat Joseph: The X can be laid. 639 00:42:09,680 --> 00:42:13,140 Shimat Joseph: We are finding X laid on, you know, 640 00:42:13,200 --> 00:42:16,060 Shimat Joseph: the trailers, in the trailers of the semi-trucks, 641 00:42:16,240 --> 00:42:19,460 Shimat Joseph: semi-trucks, cars, you know, you name it. 642 00:42:19,800 --> 00:42:21,400 Shimat Joseph: And they hitchhike as a X stage. 643 00:42:22,200 --> 00:42:24,240 Shimat Joseph: And in the springtime, when they come, 644 00:42:24,400 --> 00:42:28,300 Shimat Joseph: they hatch out and, yeah, 645 00:42:28,860 --> 00:42:29,980 Shimat Joseph: try to get established there. 646 00:42:32,240 --> 00:42:36,160 Shimat Joseph: So I will make this as the last slide so that it has some question. 647 00:42:36,730 --> 00:42:39,059 Shimat Joseph: Okay, so managing this pest. 648 00:42:39,730 --> 00:42:41,180 Shimat Joseph: There are multiple ways. 649 00:42:41,369 --> 00:42:43,020 Shimat Joseph: Contact insecticides work really well. 650 00:42:43,920 --> 00:42:45,619 Shimat Joseph: But the problem is we are dealing with trees. 651 00:42:46,140 --> 00:42:52,160 Shimat Joseph: So personally, I don't recommend spraying trees using pyrethroid insecticides. 652 00:42:52,440 --> 00:42:53,859 Shimat Joseph: That's one really works really well. 653 00:42:54,369 --> 00:42:59,099 Shimat Joseph: You know, that's not a unless you are in a perfectly in a perfect situation where 654 00:43:00,820 --> 00:43:04,460 Shimat Joseph: where the pest control pack, 655 00:43:04,670 --> 00:43:06,180 Shimat Joseph: they are completely equipped for that 656 00:43:06,480 --> 00:43:09,080 Shimat Joseph: because the drift and there's multiple issues with that. 657 00:43:09,800 --> 00:43:11,840 Shimat Joseph: What we know that systemic insecticides 658 00:43:12,080 --> 00:43:14,580 Shimat Joseph: such as imidacloprid, dinotefuran, 659 00:43:15,250 --> 00:43:16,960 Shimat Joseph: and those products work really well 660 00:43:17,360 --> 00:43:20,040 Shimat Joseph: and they can be soil drenched around the tree 661 00:43:20,940 --> 00:43:24,940 Shimat Joseph: or trunk injections or trunk sprays that can be done. 662 00:43:25,580 --> 00:43:31,660 Shimat Joseph: to and those things work too. So anything that is applied into the tree or applied to the soil 663 00:43:31,840 --> 00:43:39,220 Shimat Joseph: picked up by the tree is the best tactic right now to manage this pest. Okay let me stop here 664 00:43:39,720 --> 00:43:46,440 Rich Braman: because I like the time and also I don't see any new questions yet. Gene has been 665 00:43:46,940 --> 00:43:51,799 Rich Braman: answering them in the chat too as we keep going. 666 00:43:52,349 --> 00:43:54,960 Rich Braman: So I think if you have a few more slides that you want to cover, 667 00:43:55,140 --> 00:43:56,599 Rich Braman: I'll keep an eye on it for questions. 668 00:43:57,099 --> 00:43:57,440 Rich Braman: Yes. 669 00:43:57,579 --> 00:43:59,400 Rich Braman: But if you want to keep going, we can. 670 00:44:00,039 --> 00:44:00,400 Shimat Joseph: Yes. 671 00:44:00,740 --> 00:44:04,059 Shimat Joseph: So there is a couple of questions for Gene I saw. 672 00:44:06,619 --> 00:44:08,980 Rich Braman: There were and she answered them in the chat. 673 00:44:09,440 --> 00:44:10,640 Shimat Joseph: I didn't see that part. 674 00:44:11,049 --> 00:44:11,200 Shimat Joseph: Okay. 675 00:44:12,869 --> 00:44:13,020 Shimat Joseph: Okay. 676 00:44:13,930 --> 00:44:16,000 Shimat Joseph: Let me move on with last question. 677 00:44:16,150 --> 00:44:16,319 Shimat Joseph: Okay. 678 00:44:16,890 --> 00:44:18,500 Shimat Joseph: So this is a Thrips species. 679 00:44:19,109 --> 00:44:20,839 Shimat Joseph: Again, it is an invasive Thrips. 680 00:44:21,340 --> 00:44:24,980 Shimat Joseph: This was introduced to the US not a very long time ago. 681 00:44:25,060 --> 00:44:30,420 Shimat Joseph: It was in 2000 when we saw that in Florida. 682 00:44:31,220 --> 00:44:37,580 Shimat Joseph: Now, when you look at where it is located, it is basically present in a lot of states now, 683 00:44:38,240 --> 00:44:40,880 Shimat Joseph: but officially not reported from many states. 684 00:44:41,560 --> 00:44:45,600 Shimat Joseph: So this is a very tiny thrips species, again, very polyphagous, 685 00:44:45,700 --> 00:44:49,940 Shimat Joseph: again, just like spotted land and flight can feed on many, many plants. 686 00:44:50,660 --> 00:44:56,900 Shimat Joseph: uh mini plants uh species so this is first introduced the lake county here it was the first 687 00:44:57,079 --> 00:45:03,680 Shimat Joseph: spot it was here and uh following that entomologists like me we started going after 688 00:45:04,420 --> 00:45:10,680 Shimat Joseph: in all the box stores and the garden centers looking for plants shipped from either from 689 00:45:10,980 --> 00:45:16,599 Shimat Joseph: canada or or from florida looking for it and this is the image you see from uh 690 00:45:16,640 --> 00:45:21,340 Shimat Joseph: from Florida, but we did that in Georgia, as well, 691 00:45:21,960 --> 00:45:24,520 Shimat Joseph: and we found them in Georgia, as well. 692 00:45:24,770 --> 00:45:27,740 Shimat Joseph: And we know they are there in Georgia right now. 693 00:45:28,120 --> 00:45:29,400 Shimat Joseph: So it is present in Georgia. 694 00:45:30,480 --> 00:45:34,580 Shimat Joseph: And so why this is dangerous? 695 00:45:34,810 --> 00:45:38,440 Shimat Joseph: Because this thrips species has an ability to quickly go in 696 00:45:38,560 --> 00:45:40,640 Shimat Joseph: and become like a big pest immediately, 697 00:45:41,250 --> 00:45:44,820 Shimat Joseph: if it is not intervened in the beginning itself. 698 00:45:45,420 --> 00:45:51,480 Shimat Joseph: So, if you look at all these species that we see in Florida and also in Georgia, 699 00:45:52,220 --> 00:45:57,300 Shimat Joseph: we see this is much more like a smallest one ever that we have seen so far. 700 00:45:57,840 --> 00:45:58,880 Shimat Joseph: So, they are very small. 701 00:45:59,080 --> 00:46:02,660 Shimat Joseph: We are talking about like couple of millimeters long. 702 00:46:03,140 --> 00:46:07,220 Shimat Joseph: So, very difficult to go off-radar and you might see damage. 703 00:46:07,720 --> 00:46:09,800 Shimat Joseph: And often what we have seen is that 704 00:46:10,140 --> 00:46:17,960 Shimat Joseph: damage looks more sort of a like a mite damage. So then the problem is we trade for mites. 705 00:46:18,600 --> 00:46:23,040 Shimat Joseph: It's a assume that's a mite problem, but actually not. It's not a mite. It's a thrips problem. 706 00:46:23,100 --> 00:46:29,200 Shimat Joseph: So you may not get a control. So that's why it is important to detect, to understand this. 707 00:46:29,720 --> 00:46:37,000 Shimat Joseph: So just like western flower thrips that we are familiar with, they lay eggs in the tissue of the plant, eggs hatch, 708 00:46:37,680 --> 00:46:47,020 Shimat Joseph: and the nymphs go through a couple of stages, they do go into the soil, and they'll pupae and pre-pupae and pupae will find it in the soil, 709 00:46:47,700 --> 00:46:54,299 Shimat Joseph: and the thrips comes out, okay? That's how they're general biology, and this can happen in less than two weeks. 710 00:46:54,960 --> 00:46:59,120 Shimat Joseph: if the temperature is right, like about 27 degrees, we are talking about 80 degrees, 711 00:46:59,910 --> 00:47:04,540 Shimat Joseph: it can complete in about in two weeks, okay? 712 00:47:06,560 --> 00:47:07,500 Shimat Joseph: Let me go in. 713 00:47:07,650 --> 00:47:11,000 Shimat Joseph: And we see problems in ornamentals and also pepper. 714 00:47:11,580 --> 00:47:13,460 Shimat Joseph: Pepper seem to be their magnet. 715 00:47:13,660 --> 00:47:14,840 Shimat Joseph: They just like pepper. 716 00:47:16,000 --> 00:47:20,780 Shimat Joseph: I hear from beans and other crops like beans and squashes, 717 00:47:21,380 --> 00:47:24,000 Shimat Joseph: They are there but not nearly as a problem. 718 00:47:24,640 --> 00:47:27,400 Shimat Joseph: But on pepper, it is a big problem. 719 00:47:27,720 --> 00:47:33,579 Shimat Joseph: And it basically shows the list of hosts that we are finding in the US right now. 720 00:47:34,599 --> 00:47:37,920 Shimat Joseph: And this is damage on the gardenias. 721 00:47:38,140 --> 00:47:40,000 Shimat Joseph: For some reason, they like gardenia. 722 00:47:40,339 --> 00:47:43,440 Shimat Joseph: And we are seeing a lot of problems in gardenias, 723 00:47:43,680 --> 00:47:46,700 Shimat Joseph: especially those coming from other states to our state here. 724 00:47:47,220 --> 00:47:49,599 Shimat Joseph: and damage looks very typical 725 00:47:50,349 --> 00:47:51,440 Shimat Joseph: of a chili thrips damage 726 00:47:51,570 --> 00:47:54,000 Shimat Joseph: I don't know if you know the chili thrips damage 727 00:47:54,520 --> 00:47:55,720 Shimat Joseph: they like to go on 728 00:47:56,050 --> 00:47:57,380 Shimat Joseph: their new developing shoots 729 00:47:58,180 --> 00:47:58,359 Shimat Joseph: okay 730 00:48:00,099 --> 00:48:01,660 Shimat Joseph: and this is the broad mite 731 00:48:01,859 --> 00:48:03,560 Shimat Joseph: damage appearance like I was saying 732 00:48:03,980 --> 00:48:05,599 Shimat Joseph: it looks like a broad mite damage 733 00:48:05,750 --> 00:48:06,880 Shimat Joseph: but it's not that 734 00:48:07,270 --> 00:48:08,260 Shimat Joseph: it is a thrips damage 735 00:48:08,940 --> 00:48:10,780 Shimat Joseph: Let me stop here with this slide. 736 00:48:11,860 --> 00:48:16,060 Shimat Joseph: Managing this pest is not that difficult, if you can find early. 737 00:48:17,040 --> 00:48:22,660 Shimat Joseph: The products like Xxpire, you know, spinetoram and sulfoxaflor, those products really works really 738 00:48:22,840 --> 00:48:22,920 Shimat Joseph: well. 739 00:48:23,680 --> 00:48:24,320 Shimat Joseph: That's what we know. 740 00:48:24,820 --> 00:48:28,760 Shimat Joseph: And there are many other products that we know that is a typical, we call it as a thrips 741 00:48:28,980 --> 00:48:29,180 Shimat Joseph: material. 742 00:48:29,780 --> 00:48:34,500 Shimat Joseph: They all work well, especially Mainspring, Sarisa and those products as also. 743 00:48:35,300 --> 00:48:41,880 Shimat Joseph: some of the biopesticides like mineral oil and sesame oil also works well but may not provide 744 00:48:42,260 --> 00:48:48,180 Shimat Joseph: as and a good effects like you know the products like Xxpire and spinosad okay 745 00:48:50,020 --> 00:48:53,900 Shimat Joseph: okay thank you so much i don't know if there is any time for any questions here 746 00:48:56,600 --> 00:48:59,560 Rich Braman: Yeah, if anyone still has any, you're more than welcome to. 747 00:49:00,590 --> 00:49:04,100 Rich Braman: You can also email your questions to us or any of the speakers, respectively. 748 00:49:05,760 --> 00:49:08,800 Rich Braman: But let's just take a minute and let everyone know. 749 00:49:09,300 --> 00:49:11,260 Rich Braman: Number one, remember to get us your sign-in sheets. 750 00:49:12,380 --> 00:49:22,279 Rich Braman: You can email those to us at gtbop at uga.edu or mail the physical copy to our mailing address, which is at the top of that sign-in sheet again. 751 00:49:23,299 --> 00:49:28,960 Rich Braman: And just, I know we have some folks who are waiting to be let out of the office. 752 00:49:29,160 --> 00:49:31,160 Rich Braman: If you need to go, that's okay. 753 00:49:33,319 --> 00:49:35,900 Rich Braman: But Shimat, was there anything else that you wanted to say? 754 00:49:36,099 --> 00:49:38,359 Rich Braman: Or Jean, is there anything else you wanted to close with? 755 00:49:40,039 --> 00:49:58,339 Shimat Joseph: Thank you so much. Thank you so much for all being patient. Looks like it went up a few minutes. That's all right. Jean, thank you so much for the excellent presentation. Thanks for taking care of the questions also. I don't see any questions right now. Do you want to add anything or? 756 00:50:00,040 --> 00:50:06,339 Jean Williams-Woodward: No, just if anybody had any questions, they can email me and I'll be happy to answer any additional questions. 757 00:50:07,940 --> 00:50:08,460 Shimat Joseph: Thank you so much. 758 00:50:08,460 --> 00:50:09,200 Rich Braman: Thanks a lot, Jean. 759 00:50:09,560 --> 00:50:09,740 Rich Braman: Yep. 760 00:50:10,440 --> 00:50:10,700 Shimat Joseph: Bye. 761 00:50:11,280 --> 00:50:11,579 Shimat Joseph: Bye. 762 00:50:12,079 --> 00:50:12,359 Shimat Joseph: Bye. 763 00:50:12,420 --> 00:50:12,480 Shimat Joseph: Bye.