Source webinar: Cut Flower Symposium, segment 08 of 08, July 23, 2026
Speaker: Bikash Ghimire, Ornamental Pathologist, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia
Duration: 28:31
CEU Categories: [PENDING]
Exercises: 3 (8, 8, and 7 pairs; each with 2 distractors in Column B)
Scope Notes
Nothing here rests on the mancozeb classification. Exercise 2 pairs products with what the speaker said they control, and the bacterial leaf spot and Pectobacterium recommendations are left out of it because both are given as “copper-based fungicides like mancozeb,” which misclassifies an EBDC. A pair built on it would be unanswerable for a student who knows the chemistry and wrong for one who does not.
Neither open transcript flag appears. Block 85’s unresolved word sits inside the sporangia explanation and block 182’s is the second downy mildew host. Exercise 1 covers downy mildew by its diagnostic sign rather than by host, and no item quotes either span.
Distractors are drawn from the recording. Each extra Column B entry is something the speaker said about a different disease or product in the same segment, so eliminating it requires having watched rather than having guessed.
Matching Exercise 1: Disease to Diagnostic Sign
Timestamp Reference: 7:26 – 20:26 (primary coverage area)
Type: Species ID
Instructions: Match each disease in Column A with the sign or symptom the speaker used to identify it. Two entries in Column B are not used.
| # | Column A | Column B | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Root and crown rot | a) Roots soft and sloughing off, with a bad odor | |
| 2 | White mold | b) Tan stem lesion under white fuzzy mycelial growth, with black sclerotia | |
| 3 | Southern blight | c) White radiating hyphae at the crown with brown structures like mustard seed | |
| 4 | Botrytis blight | d) The whole flower covered in a mycelial mass, fuzzy growth on the tissue | |
| 5 | Powdery mildew | e) A powdery mass on the upper leaf surface | |
| 6 | Downy mildew | f) White spore production on the leaf underside, with stunting and flower distortion | |
| 7 | Leaf rust | g) Yellowish discoloured patchiness above, pustules full of spores below | |
| 8 | Bacterial leaf spot | h) Angular spots following the leaf veins, with a yellow halo | |
| i) A tan centre surrounded by a purple margin | |||
| j) Ring spots, mottling, and unusual yellowing patterns |
Answer Key:
1 → a, 2 → b, 3 → c, 4 → d, 5 → e, 6 → f, 7 → g, 8 → h
Source in transcript: root and crown rot blocks 92 to 93 (8:02); white mold blocks 108 to 115 (9:39); southern blight blocks 130 to 131 (11:30); Botrytis blocks 158 and 162 (14:21); powdery mildew block 172 (16:03); downy mildew blocks 180 to 181 (16:56); leaf rust blocks 186 to 187 (17:34); bacterial leaf spot blocks 211 to 213 (20:06).
Distractors: i is Cercospora leaf spot in zinnia at block 197 (18:49), a fungal leaf spot he treats separately from the bacterial one; j is virus disease at block 232 (22:09).
Matching Exercise 2: Product or Group to What It Controls
Timestamp Reference: 8:38 – 27:46 (primary coverage area)
Type: Product to use
Instructions: Match each material or group in Column A with what the speaker said about it. Two entries in Column B are not used.
| # | Column A | Column B | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MilStop | a) A biorational found effective at stopping powdery mildew spread | |
| 2 | Azoxystrobin | b) A QoI fungicide, placed in group 11 | |
| 3 | Bacillus products | c) Effective on a range of foliar diseases and on root and crown rot | |
| 4 | Trichoderma products | d) Effective on Fusarium, Pythium, Phytophthora, and root and crown rot | |
| 5 | Chlorothalonil | e) A contact fungicide with a preventive mode of action | |
| 6 | Tebuconazole | f) A systemic DMI fungicide | |
| 7 | Soil solarization | g) A pre-plant soil treatment that inhibits the pathogen, alongside steam | |
| 8 | Neem oil | h) Named in the biological and plant extract list for growers with fewer chemical options | |
| i) Applied at transplanting when plants go into containers | |||
| j) Recommended for a virus once symptoms appear |
Answer Key:
1 → a, 2 → b, 3 → c, 4 → d, 5 → e, 6 → f, 7 → g, 8 → h
Source in transcript: MilStop block 178 (16:47); azoxystrobin block 177 (16:39); Bacillus block 250 (23:53); Trichoderma blocks 251 to 252 (24:05); chlorothalonil blocks 297 to 298 (27:19); tebuconazole blocks 299 to 300 (27:29); soil solarization blocks 100 to 101 (8:44); neem oil block 253 (24:09).
Distractors: i is the container fungicide timing at block 102 (9:00), which he does not attach to a named product; j is deliberately false against block 230 (21:48), where he says there is no cure method for virus diseases.
Matching Exercise 3: Practice to the Problem It Addresses
Timestamp Reference: 3:24 – 22:58 (primary coverage area)
Type: Timing and practice
Instructions: Match each management practice in Column A with the reason the speaker gave for it. Two entries in Column B are not used.
| # | Column A | Column B | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Keeping infected plants off the compost pile | a) Next year’s compost would carry the overwintering structure back into the crop | |
| 2 | Wider plant spacing | b) Air circulation keeps humidity from accumulating on the leaf surface | |
| 3 | Removing deadheaded and decaying flowers | c) Dying tissue is an entry point for the pathogen | |
| 4 | Crop rotation | d) It avoids inoculum building up in the soil | |
| 5 | Not saving seed from infected plants | e) Bacterial pathogens are seed-borne and pass to the next generation | |
| 6 | Incorporating organic material | f) It improves the soil and the drainage where water stagnates | |
| 7 | Controlling thrips and aphids | g) They are the vectors that transmit the virus | |
| h) It shortens the interval between the first and last harvest | |||
| i) It raises the temperature enough to kill sclerotia in place |
Answer Key:
1 → a, 2 → b, 3 → c, 4 → d, 5 → e, 6 → f, 7 → g
Source in transcript: compost blocks 113 and 136 (10:11 and 12:08); spacing blocks 167 to 169 (15:30); deadheading blocks 165 to 166 (15:16); rotation block 46 (3:41); seed blocks 219 to 222 (20:53); organic material block 98 (8:31); vectors blocks 226 to 231 (21:28).
Distractors: h is not a claim in this segment at all and belongs to the high tunnel harvest window discussion in segment 04, which makes it a useful check that a student is answering from this recording; i misstates burial at blocks 132 to 135 (11:47), where the soil is flipped to bury sclerotia rather than to heat them.
Deployment Notes
- Each exercise carries two unused Column B entries, so a student cannot finish by elimination.
- Exercise 1 is the identification exercise a horticulture audience expects and it was available here because both open flags fall outside it. On segment 02 the equivalent exercise could not be built until a later sweep resolved four cultivar names.
- Exercise 2 mixes conventional, biorational, and biological materials on purpose, since the speaker’s own framing puts them on one continuum with cultural practice first.
Processed for UGA Center for Urban Agriculture / Cut Flower Symposium Archives
Sources: Corrected SRT (Stage 1), GTBOP_Transcript_2026-07-23_GhimireDiseaseManagement.srt (315 blocks); Archive Package (Stage 2), GTBOP_Archive_Summary_2026-07-23_GhimireDiseaseManagement.md