Segment: 04 of 08, Organic Snapdragon Production: High Tunnel and Plant Date Trials
Webinar Date: July 23, 2026
Speaker: Kate Cassity-Duffey, University of Georgia Department of Horticulture
Duration: 20:18.5
Series: Cut Flower Symposium
CEU Categories: [PENDING]
Source: Corrected SRT (Stage 1), GTBOP_Transcript_2026-07-23_CassityDuffeySnapdragons.srt (301 blocks)
How to Deploy This Quiz
Every correct answer below is option a. That is deliberate: it makes the review pass fast. Shuffle the answer options in Moodle before the quiz goes live, and confirm the shuffle took effect on a preview attempt.
Thirteen questions: five recall, five application, three analysis. Block numbers appear beside every option, correct and incorrect, so a reviewer can find the source line for any answer without re-watching. Distractors are drawn from the same talk, either something the speaker said about a different item or a value she gave for something else.
Two trials, and they do not transfer. The high tunnel versus field trial is one December 1 plant date with two cultivars. The plant date trial is January 7 against March 11 with eight cultivars. No question below crosses them.
Section 1: Recall
Question 1
Timestamp Reference: 2:57 – 3:03
Difficulty: Recall
What stem length does Cassity-Duffey give as commercial grade for most cut flowers?
a) About 60 centimeters
b) About 50 centimeters
c) About 10 centimeters
d) 65 to 70 centimeters
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: She gives roughly 60 centimeters as commercial grade stem length for most cut flowers while explaining why southern field conditions shorten stems.
Source in transcript: block 45. Distractor b is the stem length she reports for Avignon Lavender 2 (block 169); c is the stem length the high tunnel added over the field (block 119); d is Costa Summer’s height (block 201).
Question 2
Timestamp Reference: 4:17 – 4:32
Difficulty: Recall
In her account of the nitrogen cycle, which two microbially mediated steps make organic nitrogen available to the plant?
a) Mineralization, then nitrification
b) Immobilization, then nitrate leaching
c) Ammonia volatilization, then mineralization
d) Nitrification, then immobilization
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Mineralization breaks complex organic nitrogen down to plant available ammonium, and nitrification converts that ammonium to plant available nitrate.
Source in transcript: blocks 62 and 63. Distractors draw on the three loss pathways she names next: immobilization (blocks 67 and 68), nitrate leaching (block 69), and ammonia volatilization (block 70). Those remove nitrogen from the system rather than making it available.
Question 3
Timestamp Reference: 10:53 – 11:14
Difficulty: Recall
What nitrogen program did she run on the plant date trial?
a) 100 pounds at planting, then 50 pounds side-dressed about halfway through the growing season
b) 50 pounds at planting, then 100 pounds side-dressed about halfway through the growing season
c) 100 pounds at planting, with no side-dress application
d) 100 pounds at planting, then 50 pounds side-dressed at first harvest
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: She flags the rates as looking high and explains that organic fertilizer releases over time, so not all of it is available at once.
Source in transcript: block 149. Distractor b reverses the two figures in block 149; c drops the side-dress that block 149 states; d moves the side-dress from halfway through the season, which is the timing block 149 gives, to first harvest.
Question 4
Timestamp Reference: 5:50 – 6:01
Difficulty: Recall
Which two cultivars were used in the high tunnel versus field trial?
a) Madame Butterfly Bronze with White and Chantilly Bronze
b) Chantilly Light Salmon and Cannes Light Bronze
c) Antibes Apricot I and Avignon Lavender 2
d) Potomac Orange and Potomac Lavender
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Both were planted December 1, about a hundred plants per plot, replicated four times.
Source in transcript: blocks 79, 80 and 83. Every distractor names cultivars from the separate eight-cultivar plant date trial: Chantilly Light Salmon (block 181), Cannes Light Bronze (block 186), Antibes Apricot I (block 159), Avignon Lavender 2 (block 166), Potomac Orange (block 177), Potomac Lavender (block 189).
Question 5
Timestamp Reference: 18:45 – 18:59
Difficulty: Recall
How did she space the snapdragons in the plant date trial?
a) Four inch spacing, four rows per plot, on three foot centers
b) Six inch spacing, four rows per plot, on three foot centers
c) Four inch spacing, two rows per plot, on three foot centers
d) Four inch spacing, four rows per plot, on four foot centers
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: She answers a live chat question with this spacing and calls it a little bit closer than usual.
Source in transcript: blocks 277 and 278. Distractor b changes the in-row spacing that block 277 gives; c changes the row count that block 278 gives; d changes the bed centers that block 278 gives.
Section 2: Application
Question 6
Timestamp Reference: 8:01 – 9:52
Difficulty: Application
A grower supplying a single large event wants the crop to come off in one concentrated cut. Which of her findings supports which structure?
a) The high tunnel, where harvest was more intense and shorter, about eight days for Chantilly against about 15 in the field
b) The field, where Chantilly ran a harvest duration of about 15 days
c) The high tunnel, because it moved the first harvest date earlier
d) The field, because field stems ran about 10 centimeters longer
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: She frames the choice directly: a tunnel suits a grower who wants a rapid, uniform harvest, and the field suits one who wants the harvest stretched out.
Source in transcript: blocks 109 to 113 and blocks 132 and 133. Distractor b names the correct number but the wrong structure for a concentrated cut, since block 114 assigns the stretched harvest to the field; c contradicts blocks 100 to 102, where first harvest did not differ; d reverses block 119, which puts the shorter stems in the field.
Question 7
Timestamp Reference: 8:47 – 10:01
Difficulty: Application
A florist buyer will only take long stems. Based on the high tunnel versus field trial, what should the grower do?
a) Grow in the high tunnel, which added about 10 centimeters, or four inches, in both cultivars
b) Grow in the field, which added about 10 centimeters in both cultivars
c) Either structure, since stem length did not differ between them
d) Grow in the high tunnel, which added about four centimeters in both cultivars
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: She calls stem length the point that turns on who the market is, and reports the tunnel gain in both cultivars.
Source in transcript: blocks 119, 120 and 135. Distractor b reverses the direction given in block 119; c contradicts block 117, where she reports big differences in stem length; d swaps the unit, since block 120 converts 10 centimeters to about four inches rather than four centimeters.
Question 8
Timestamp Reference: 15:01 – 16:07
Difficulty: Application
A grower plans succession plantings 60 days apart and expects harvests 60 days apart. What does the plant date trial say about that plan?
a) It will not hold. The plant dates were 60 days apart and the harvest windows were not, so growing degree days and light have to be figured in
b) It will hold. Harvest tracked the plant dates almost exactly
c) It will hold for the January planting only, which came off on schedule
d) It will not hold, because the second plant date never reached harvest
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: This is her stated takeaway for anyone planning succession plantings by calendar spacing alone.
Source in transcript: blocks 213 to 215 and blocks 225 to 227. Distractor b contradicts block 214 outright; c misreads block 211, which gives late April for the first plant date and closer to May for the second, a gap far short of 60 days; d contradicts block 211, where the second plant date does reach harvest.
Question 9
Timestamp Reference: 15:23 – 15:42
Difficulty: Application
A grower wants the most stems out of each transplant. Which plant date did better, and by how much?
a) The March 11 date, at closer to three to four stems per plant against about two
b) The January 7 date, at closer to three to four stems per plant against about two
c) Neither, both plant dates ran about two stems per plant
d) The January 7 date, because those plants were pinched
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: She reports a shorter harvest window on the later date but more stems per plant, and more stems per plot as well.
Source in transcript: blocks 219, 220, 221 and 231. Distractor b reverses the two dates given in blocks 219 and 220; c contradicts block 220; d misreads block 219, where the pinched January plants gave about two stems and she says she expected more branching from them.
Question 10
Timestamp Reference: 11:52 – 12:06
Difficulty: Application
Why does she say Antibes Apricot I suited the January plant date?
a) It is a group one and is not particularly recommended for summer production
b) It is a group 2 with a staggered harvest
c) It is a group three or four with a later harvest window
d) It carries stems around 50 centimeters
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: She pairs the group one designation with its unsuitability for summer production and concludes that the January planting made sense for it.
Source in transcript: blocks 159 to 162. Distractor b describes Avignon Lavender 2 (blocks 167 and 169); c describes Potomac Orange (blocks 178 and 179); d gives the stem length she reports for Avignon Lavender 2 (block 169), while block 165 calls the Antibes stems short.
Section 3: Analysis
Question 11
Timestamp Reference: 7:19 – 7:43
Difficulty: Analysis
First harvest date did not differ between the high tunnel and the field, which surprised her. What reasoning does she give for that result?
a) Flowering answers to light as well as temperature, so warming the structure alone does not move it
b) The tunnel and the field held the same temperature through the winter
c) The two cultivars were planted on separate dates, which cancelled the difference
d) Tunnel plants were only picked for about eight days
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: She reasons that flower timing is not driven by temperature alone, which is why a structure that raises temperature did not pull the first harvest forward.
Source in transcript: blocks 100 to 102. Distractor b contradicts block 129, where she describes February in the 80s swinging back to 20 degrees; c contradicts block 79, which gives a single December 1 plant date for both cultivars; d cites the tunnel harvest duration from block 110, which is a different measurement from first harvest date.
Question 12
Timestamp Reference: 9:05 – 9:41
Difficulty: Analysis
The high tunnel gave longer stems but looser spikes. What does she offer as the reason for the density loss?
a) Flowers spread out along the stem, and she ties that to high tunnel temperatures during a winter that ran from the 80s back to 20 degrees
b) Tunnel plants were spaced more closely than field plants
c) Tunnel stems came in about 10 centimeters shorter, which compressed the spike
d) The Chantillys in the tunnel were planted later than the Madame Butterfly
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: She reports flowers moving down the stem, worst in the Chantillys, and attributes most of it to the winter, with tunnel heat making it worse.
Source in transcript: blocks 124 to 130. Distractor b invents a spacing difference the trial did not have, since block 277 gives one four inch spacing; c reverses block 119, which puts the shorter stems in the field; d contradicts block 79, a single December 1 plant date for both cultivars.
Question 13
Timestamp Reference: 19:14 – 20:13
Difficulty: Analysis
What information does a snapdragon group number carry, according to her answer to the closing chat question?
a) An index of when the cultivar performs best and of flowering time, with group ones running cooler and faster and group twos and threes running longer
b) An index of stem thickness, used by florists for grading
c) An index of the number of stems a plant will yield
d) An index of vase life
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: She describes groups as an index of performance window and flowering time, and adds that a grower can stagger a group one against a group two to move from cool into longer seasons.
Source in transcript: blocks 284, 285 and 298. Distractor b borrows the stem thickness issue she reports as a plant date result (blocks 229 and 230); c borrows the harvest per plant column she defines in block 218; d borrows the vase life observation she makes about Potomac Orange in block 180 and calls not scientific.
Answer Key
| Q | Answer | Difficulty | Primary blocks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | a | Recall | 45 |
| 2 | a | Recall | 62, 63 |
| 3 | a | Recall | 149 |
| 4 | a | Recall | 79, 80, 83 |
| 5 | a | Recall | 277, 278 |
| 6 | a | Application | 109–113, 132, 133 |
| 7 | a | Application | 119, 120, 135 |
| 8 | a | Application | 213–215, 225–227 |
| 9 | a | Application | 219–221, 231 |
| 10 | a | Application | 159–162 |
| 11 | a | Analysis | 100–102 |
| 12 | a | Analysis | 124–130 |
| 13 | a | Analysis | 284, 285, 298 |
Distribution: 5 recall (38 %), 5 application (38 %), 3 analysis (23 %).
Shuffle the options in Moodle before deployment.
Scope Notes
No item states that Potomac is a group one. She gives that answer at 18:05, a participant corrects it in the chat at 19:43 as typically a three to four, and she accepts the correction on air. Her own cultivar walk at 12:53 and 13:57 puts Potomac Orange and Potomac Lavender in group three or four. The exchange is preserved in the Archive Summary Q&A and in the prose transcript. It is not assessable, because the recording supports two answers.
Two cultivar names carry different numeral styles, by design. Block 159 reads “Antibes Apricot I” and block 166 reads “Avignon Lavender 2.” Both are quoted here as the corrected SRT has them.
Nothing here assesses the second part of her talk. She asks the audience to come back for lisianthus and sunflowers “after around the 11” at 16:52. That material was never delivered on this recording.
Processed for UGA Center for Urban Agriculture / Cut Flower Symposium Archives
Source: Corrected SRT (Stage 1), GTBOP_Transcript_2026-07-23_CassityDuffeySnapdragons.srt (301 blocks); Archive Summary (Stage 2) for structure