Segment Title: Tennessee Cut Flower Trials and Market Research
Segment: 03 of 08
Webinar Date: July 23, 2026
Speakers: Natalie Bumgarner, Associate Professor and Extension Specialist in Residential and Consumer Horticulture, University of Tennessee; Celeste Scott, Commercial Horticulture Specialist for West Tennessee, UT Extension
Duration: 30:30.7 (1830.719 s, measured)
Series: Cut Flower Symposium
CEU Categories: [PENDING]
Questions: 13 multiple choice
Difficulty mix: 5 Recall, 5 Application, 3 Analysis
How to Use This Quiz
Everything needed to answer all thirteen questions is in the segment. No outside cut flower knowledge is required, and none will help. Each item carries a timestamp range so a student who misses one goes straight back to the passage it came from.
Every correct answer is option a. Shuffle the options in Moodle before deploying. The fixed position is there to make the review pass fast, not to survive into the course.
Two speakers deliver this segment and the attribution matters. Scott ran the Jackson plots, the trial design, the cultivar takeaways, and the sunflower spacing work. Bumgarner ran the Knoxville data, the surveys, and the enterprise budgets. Where a question turns on who said something, the explanation names the speaker.
Read the Build Notes at the end before editing any item. Two passages in this segment are unsafe for assessment and the reasons are recorded there.
Question 1
Timestamp Reference: 4:54 – 5:15
Difficulty: Recall
Where did the team replicate the field trials, and what did Scott give as the reason for two sites?
a) Knoxville and Jackson, about six hours apart, with different growing conditions, soil types, and temperature climates
b) Knoxville and a cooperating farm in Utah, so a southeastern site could be compared against a western one
c) Jackson and a grower’s plot in middle Georgia, so the trials spanned two states
d) Knoxville only, on the organic farm, with Jackson added in the third year
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Scott names both sites at 4:54, puts them about six hours apart at 4:58, lists the differences at 5:03, and says at 5:09 that the two locations were how they meant to support growers across the whole state.
Source in transcript: Blocks 64 to 68. Distractors: block 30 (the Utah visit to Melanie, which was a trip for ideas, not a trial site), block 372 (Jennifer’s middle Georgia question in the chat), block 122 (the Knoxville organic farm, which is one of the two sites and not the only one).
Question 2
Timestamp Reference: 6:16 – 7:19
Difficulty: Recall
What fertility rates did the trials compare, and how was the nitrogen delivered?
a) Low at one pound of nitrogen per thousand square feet, medium at two pounds, high at three, applied as a 20-10-20 soluble fertilizer through a Dosatron
b) Low at one pound, medium at three pounds, high at five, applied as a 20-10-20 soluble fertilizer through a Dosatron
c) Low at one pound, medium at two, high at three, applied as a granular product topdressed by hand
d) Rates taken from the University of Tennessee’s own cut flower fertility guidance
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Scott sets low at 6:29 and gives medium and high at 6:34, then names the 20-10-20 at 7:10 and the Dosatron at 7:13. See Build Note 1 on the units she uses in the second of those blocks.
Source in transcript: Blocks 86, 87, 96, 97. Distractors: block 87 (three pounds is the high rate, not the medium one, so option b misplaces a value she gave), block 97 (she says soluble through a Dosatron, which rules out a granular topdress), block 84 (she names the University of Maryland as the only guidance available for the area).
Question 3
Timestamp Reference: 10:36 – 10:51
Difficulty: Recall
Which zinnia did Scott name as their highest cull percentage?
a) Zinderellas
b) Queeny Lime Orange
c) Benary’s Giants
d) Agaves
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Scott states it flatly at 10:36: Zinderellas were their highest cull percentage.
Source in transcript: Block 138. Distractors: blocks 129 to 131 (the Queeny Lime Orange dip, which she attributes to a septic drainage field and a plot move rather than culling) and blocks 139 to 140 (Queeny Limes must be cut at peak color), block 106 (Benary’s Giants carry larger flowers and fewer stems per square foot, at high quality), block 101 (Agaves were added for the cactus flower head type).
Question 4
Timestamp Reference: 13:28 – 13:53
Difficulty: Recall
Which celosia does Scott name for reliably long, thin stems, the trait she says matters because fasciation can leave a stem too thick to use?
a) Sunday Green
b) Sunday Orange
c) Pampas Plume
d) Kurume
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Scott says at 13:28 that Sunday Green has had reliably long, thin stems, explains the fasciation problem at 13:37, and closes the point at 13:51 with “So Sunday Greens were excellent.”
Source in transcript: Blocks 174 to 178. Distractors: blocks 179 to 181 (Sunday Orange bloomed well but its stem standards were not as comparable), blocks 186 to 187 (Pampas Plume was good for quality and versatility), blocks 187 to 188 (Kurume is the older cultivar with the smaller coxcomb form).
Question 5
Timestamp Reference: 25:30 – 25:38, 30:04 – 30:14
Difficulty: Recall
What do the UT enterprise budgets currently cover?
a) Five warm season annuals, sized to grow about a quarter of an acre across the set
b) Five warm season annuals, sized to grow one full acre across the set
c) Three warm season annuals, sized to grow about a quarter of an acre
d) Five warm season annuals, sized to grow one thousand square feet
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Bumgarner says at 25:30 that five warm season annuals are available on the website, and at 30:04 that the budgets are set up to grow about a quarter of an acre together while representing five different cultivars.
Source in transcript: Blocks 331, 396. Distractors: block 396 (the acre appears in her closing line that nobody needs an acre of zinnias to start, which is the opposite of the budgets’ scale), block 396 again (the count is five, not three), block 86 (one thousand square feet is the basis for the fertility rates, not the budget area).
Question 6
Timestamp Reference: 12:44 – 13:11
Difficulty: Application
A grower’s celosia transplants are getting root bound in the tray and the nights are still cool. Based on what Scott reports from her 2024 Jackson plots, what should the grower expect?
a) Early flowering, because constricted root growth and cooler night temperatures can both induce it
b) Off-target herbicide symptoms showing up on the youngest growth
c) Fasciation, producing blooms on stems too thick for a bouquet
d) A high cull percentage of the kind the Zinderellas produced
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Scott says at 12:46 that she planted too early, at 12:48 that celosia can be adversely affected by cool night temperatures, and at 12:59 that constricted root growth as well as cooler night temperatures can induce early flowering. That is why her 2024 numbers were not reliable.
Source in transcript: Blocks 163 to 169. Distractors: blocks 171 to 172 (the off-target herbicide is her 2025 problem and came from a neighboring row crop plot, not from the transplants), blocks 176 to 177 (fasciation is a celosia stem trait she raises in the cultivar takeaways, unconnected to planting date), block 138 (the cull percentage point is about Zinderella zinnias).
Question 7
Timestamp Reference: 15:29 – 18:10
Difficulty: Application
A grower wants the highest share of sunflower heads under four inches and the lowest share at six inches and above. Which of Scott’s three treatments does her data point to?
a) Two plants per hole on nine-inch centers
b) Two plants per hole on six-inch centers, which brings the effective population to a three-inch pattern
c) One plant on six-inch spacing, the industry standard she names
d) One plant on nine-inch centers
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Scott calls this the surprise at 17:54: the nine-inch spacing with every two plants gave the highest four-inch and below percentage as well as the lowest percentage of flowers six inches in diameter and above.
Source in transcript: Blocks 232 to 233. Distractors: blocks 226 to 227 (two plants on six-inch centers gave the highest percentage below four inches but she does not credit it with the lowest share above six), blocks 216 and 219 to 220 (one plant on six inches gave a fairly even distribution plus a high percentage above six inches), block 203 (nine-inch centers are named as the spacing many larger warm season annuals already use, and her treatment put two plants there, not one).
Question 8
Timestamp Reference: 26:38 – 27:58
Difficulty: Application
A grower reports leaf-footed bugs on sunflowers and asks for organic options. What does Scott recommend first, and what conditions does she attach to a spray?
a) Harvest at the right time so petals are not yet fully expanded, and if pressure warrants control, use horticultural oils or insecticidal soaps with excellent coverage, regular reapplication, and caution about phytotoxicity in warm season heat
b) Move to nine-inch spacing so the heads stay under four inches and the bugs have less to feed on
c) Switch to lighter colored cultivars, since petal damage showed up mainly on the darker flowers
d) Cut the crop way down and take a second flush several weeks later
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Scott says at 26:54 that most of the feeding damage she saw was on foliage, at 27:03 that petals should not be fully expanded at the right harvest timing, and at 27:13 that treatment can be forgone if flowers are harvested early enough. The spray conditions follow at 27:26 through 27:58: coverage, little to no residual so regular reapplication following the label, and phytotoxic issues in warm temperatures.
Source in transcript: Blocks 353 to 367. Distractors: blocks 232 to 233 (the nine-inch result is a flower head diameter finding, not a pest one), block 247 (she says petal damage was primarily on the lighter colored flowers, so option c reverses her), block 185 (cutting way down for a later cut is the Flamingo Feather re-bloom point).
Question 9
Timestamp Reference: 28:18 – 30:14
Difficulty: Application
A new grower in middle Georgia asks what to plant to start. What does Scott recommend, and what does Bumgarner add about scale?
a) A combination of filler, foliage, and focal, naming zinnias, celosia, gomphrena, Frosted Explosion, ornamental millets, and basil, with Bumgarner adding that the budgets are built for multiple crops across about a quarter of an acre
b) An acre of zinnias, since they are the easiest crop to start from seed
c) Benary’s Giants alone, since Scott calls them the customary trade industry standard
d) A single crop grown across the quarter acre the enterprise budgets are built for
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Scott lists the combination from 28:46 through 29:35, and Bumgarner says at 29:52 that the budgets are set up to grow multiple crops, then at 30:04 that they represent five different cultivars across about a quarter of an acre because nobody needs an acre of zinnias to start.
Source in transcript: Blocks 379 to 391, 394 to 396. Distractors: block 396 (the acre of zinnias is the thing Bumgarner says nobody needs), block 100 (Benary’s Giants are named as the trade industry standard in the zinnia trial, not as a starting recommendation), blocks 394 to 396 (Bumgarner’s point is multiple crops, so a single crop across the quarter acre reverses her).
Question 10
Timestamp Reference: 29:25 – 29:49
Difficulty: Application
Scott warns about harvest timing on one of her filler crops. What is the rule, and what happens if a grower gets it wrong?
a) Wait until the stems begin to feel woody; cut basil too early and it wilts, and no post-harvest handling will revive it
b) Cut at peak or the flowers look dirty and dingy in the heat
c) Cut way down and expect the next usable stems several weeks later
d) Harvest before the petals are fully expanded
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Scott says at 29:25 that basil makes a good foliage filler, then warns at 29:35 that harvesting too early, before the stems begin to feel woody, brings a lot of wilting that will not revive no matter what the post-harvest handling is.
Source in transcript: Blocks 388 to 391. Distractors: blocks 139 to 140 (cut at peak or it looks dirty and dingy is her Queeny Lime rule), block 185 (the cut-way-down-and-wait point is Flamingo Feather’s re-bloom), block 355 (harvesting before petals are fully expanded is her sunflower answer in the pest question).
Question 11
Timestamp Reference: 9:08 – 9:45
Difficulty: Analysis
Scott’s Jackson zinnia counts came in below Bumgarner’s Knoxville counts. What two reasons does she give, and what does she say about the trend?
a) She was cutting much larger stems early on before her harvest practice settled, and her plot was a brand new prepared site while Knoxville was long-cultivated organic farm ground with existing nutrients and loosened soil; the trend was similar at both sites
b) Off-target herbicide reached her plot, which is why her trend differs from Knoxville’s
c) A septic drainage field forced a plot move, which lowered her whole site’s counts
d) She grew on plastic and Bumgarner grew on fabric, so the two sites are not comparable
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Scott gives the harvesting reason at 9:08, the site history at 9:26, and closes at 9:41 with “that’s why we see a few differences, but the trend is similar.” The distinction between a level difference and a trend difference is the point of the question.
Source in transcript: Blocks 119 to 125. Distractors: blocks 171 to 172 (the off-target herbicide hit her 2025 celosia plot, not the zinnia counts), blocks 129 to 131 (the septic drainage field explains the Queeny Lime Orange dip in the high fertility zone, not the whole site), block 77 (Scott used fabric and Bumgarner used plastic, so option d reverses them).
Question 12
Timestamp Reference: 14:40 – 15:22
Difficulty: Analysis
Why did the team stop testing fertility on sunflowers and switch to spacing?
a) Every cut was a single stem, so fertility was unlikely to change stems per plant, while flower head size varied a lot, and spacing let them work with templates growers already use for other crops
b) The sunflower data was discarded, the way the Jackson celosia data was
c) Insect damage on the flower heads made the stem counts unreliable
d) The Dosatron could not deliver enough nitrogen at the high rate
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Scott says at 14:40 that they realized they were using all single stem sunflower cuts, so fertility was unlikely to change stem numbers much, and at 14:54 that what they did see was variability in flower head size. At 15:02 she describes the switch to spacing, and at 15:10 the aim of using plant spacing templates people may already have.
Source in transcript: Blocks 190 to 196. Distractors: block 173 (the discarded data is the Jackson celosia, both years), blocks 246 to 247 (the insect damage she reports on sunflowers was primarily on foliage, with petal damage mainly on lighter colored flowers), blocks 96 to 97 (the Dosatron is named as the delivery system with no problem attached to it).
Question 13
Timestamp Reference: 22:05 – 22:29, 24:27 – 24:33
Difficulty: Analysis
Bumgarner asks consumers at what point they decided to buy. What does the split look like, and what does she draw from it?
a) About a third knew before entering the shopping area, 50 percent knew when they saw it, and 16 percent do not recall deciding, so roughly two-thirds are reachable through accessibility and placement
b) About 62 percent were buying for gifts, so gift framing is the lever to pull
c) Two-thirds had bought local in the year before the survey, so the audience already buys local
d) High price is the barrier to move on first
Correct Answer: a
Explanation: Bumgarner gives the three groups at 22:13 through 22:29, calls the middle group the ability to capture audience, and says at 22:36 that those two-thirds are very much open to a local cut flower purchase. At 24:27 she frames the whole point as accessibility, for planners and unplanned purchases alike.
Source in transcript: Blocks 285 to 296, 320 to 321. Distractors: block 278 (the 62 percent gift figure is a different question, on motivation), block 266 (two-thirds buying local describes the survey audience, which is how she establishes it is a grower’s customer base), block 316 (she names high price but says the thing to hone in on is low availability).
Answer Key
| Q | Answer | Difficulty | Blocks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | a | Recall | 64 to 68 |
| 2 | a | Recall | 86, 87, 96, 97 |
| 3 | a | Recall | 138 |
| 4 | a | Recall | 174 to 178 |
| 5 | a | Recall | 331, 396 |
| 6 | a | Application | 163 to 169 |
| 7 | a | Application | 232 to 233 |
| 8 | a | Application | 353 to 367 |
| 9 | a | Application | 379 to 391, 394 to 396 |
| 10 | a | Application | 388 to 391 |
| 11 | a | Analysis | 119 to 125 |
| 12 | a | Analysis | 190 to 196 |
| 13 | a | Analysis | 285 to 296, 320 to 321 |
Shuffle the options in Moodle before deploying. Every correct answer above sits in position a.
Build Notes
1. The fertility units, block 87. At 6:29, block 86, Scott sets low fertility at one pound of nitrogen per thousand square feet. At 6:34, block 87, she gives medium as two pounds and high as three pounds “per square foot.” Stage 1 left that as spoken. Question 2 states all three rates on the per-thousand-square-feet basis she establishes in the preceding block, which is the reading the sentence supports and the same reading the Archive Summary took. Do not build a question that turns on the units in block 87 alone.
2. “Burnt fabrics,” block 196. At 15:18 Scott refers to spacing templates people may already be using in “burnt fabrics,” left as spoken at Stage 1 and still a hub watch item. No question here rests on it. Question 7 uses her clean phrasing from 15:55, block 204, “fabric templates that they already have.”
3. Distractor sourcing. Every distractor above is either something a speaker said about a different item, or a value one of them gave in a different position. Block numbers are printed next to each so a reviewer can check a wrong answer as fast as a right one.
4. Scaling. Thirteen questions for 30:30, against thirteen for segment 02’s 16:37. Runtime is 1.84 times, and this file is roughly 1.2 times the size of segment 02’s quiz. The talk is dense in numbers but the assessable content is concentrated in the trial results and the two chat answers, not spread evenly across the runtime.
Processed for UGA Center for Urban Agriculture / Cut Flower Symposium Archives
Source: Corrected SRT (Stage 1), GTBOP_Transcript_2026-07-23_BumgarnerScottUTResearch.srt (402 blocks), with the Stage 2 Archive Package as structural reference