Segment Title: Introduction to Cut Flowers and Cut Flower Resources
Segment: 02 of 08, 8:45 slot
Webinar Date: July 23, 2026
Speaker: Allan Armitage, Professor Emeritus of Horticulture, University of Georgia
Duration: 16:37.4 (997.418 s, measured)
Series: Cut Flower Symposium
CEU Categories: [PENDING]
Exercises: 4
Pairs: 8, 7, 7, and 7
Distractors: 2 per exercise, all sourced
Matching Exercise 1: When It Happens
Timestamp Reference: 3:45 – 14:33 (drawn from across the talk)
Type: Timing to practice
Instructions: Match each item in Column A with the timing or condition Armitage gives for it in Column B. Two items in Column B are timings he uses elsewhere in the talk and do not match anything in Column A.
| # | Column A | Column B | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cutting yarrow for market | a) At least three years | |
| 2 | Getting yarrow to grow at all | b) Later on in the fall | |
| 3 | The first money a new flower farm makes | c) Once the pollen is visible | |
| 4 | The most profitable markets in a year | d) Before you plant a single plug or seed | |
| 5 | Talking to the people who will buy your crop | e) After the plants have gone through the winter | |
| 6 | Doing your homework | f) Early season and late season | |
| 7 | The association farm visit at the Three Porch Farm | g) Way before you get far into the operation | |
| 8 | The oldest Cut Flowers of the Year list | h) 2000 | |
| i) Once harvested but not yet delivered | |||
| j) On the coldest night |
Answer Key:
1 → c, 2 → e, 3 → a, 4 → f, 5 → g, 6 → d, 7 → b, 8 → h
Unmatched distractors: i and j
Source in transcript:
| Pair | Blocks | Timestamp |
|---|---|---|
| 1 → c | 230 to 231 | 11:40 – 11:49 |
| 2 → e | 244 | 12:25 – 12:32 |
| 3 → a | 127 | 7:09 – 7:14 |
| 4 → f | 269 to 273 | 13:49 – 14:02 |
| 5 → g | 283 to 284 | 14:19 – 14:33 |
| 6 → d | 267 | 13:40 – 13:45 |
| 7 → b | 67, 158 | 3:45 – 3:48, 8:35 – 8:38 |
| 8 → h | 169 | 9:03 – 9:08 |
| i (distractor) | 124 | 7:00 – 7:03, the refrigerator’s job |
| j (distractor) | 109 | 6:12 – 6:17, when the heater fails |
Matching Exercise 2: What Each Resource Gives You
Timestamp Reference: 8:14 – 13:14 (the resource tour, plus the Three Porch Farm reference at 3:45)
Type: Resource to defining detail
Instructions: Armitage names a series of resources in the second half of the talk. Match each one in Column A with what he says about it in Column B. Two items in Column B describe something else he mentions and do not match anything in Column A.
| # | Column A | Column B | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Armitage’s Great Garden Plants | a) Post a question and other growers answer it | |
| 2 | The cut flower sowing calendar | b) A phone app costing $4.99 | |
| 3 | His 1993 cut flower reference | c) Free shipping on his website | |
| 4 | The association listserv | d) About ten bucks, and it arrives by email | |
| 5 | Cut Flowers of the Year | e) A farm just outside Athens, Georgia, and a fall visit | |
| 6 | The code walkabout | f) Annual selections drawn from trials, running back to 2000 | |
| 7 | The Three Porch Farm | g) Out of print, revised in 2003, and kept in print by the author | |
| h) More than 20 garden plants he introduced | |||
| i) A variegated foliage geranium |
Answer Key:
1 → b, 2 → d, 3 → g, 4 → a, 5 → f, 6 → c, 7 → e
Unmatched distractors: h and i
Source in transcript:
| Pair | Blocks | Timestamp |
|---|---|---|
| 1 → b | 200 to 208 | 10:34 – 10:48 |
| 2 → d | 251 to 257 | 12:50 – 13:14 |
| 3 → g | 192 to 196 | 10:07 – 10:28 |
| 4 → a | 156, 162 to 164 | 8:28, 8:45 – 8:53 |
| 5 → f | 168 to 170 | 9:01 – 9:12 |
| 6 → c | 221 | 11:15 – 11:18 |
| 7 → e | 67, 158 | 3:45 – 3:48, 8:35 – 8:38 |
| h (distractor) | 5 and 11 | 0:16 and 0:46, the recorded introduction |
| i (distractor) | 180 | 9:34 – 9:38, why the geranium is a foliage selection |
Note for the course builder. Pair 3 is deliberately unnamed in Column A. Armitage calls the 1993 book “the granddaddy of them all for cut flowers” and never states its title on camera, so naming it here would put a guess into a graded item. If the audio sweep confirms the title, update Column A then.
Matching Exercise 3: The Advice and the Reason Behind It
Timestamp Reference: 5:31 – 14:14
Type: Practice to rationale
Instructions: Match each piece of advice in Column A with the reason Armitage gives for it in Column B. Two items in Column B are reasons he gives for something else and do not match anything in Column A.
| # | Column A | Column B | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Get to know your bank manager | a) The heater will fail on the coldest night and the tunnels will blow away, both givens | |
| 2 | Have a refrigerator on the farm | b) There is a finite number of crops you can market, sell, and make a profit with | |
| 3 | Start small and expand slowly | c) Farming costs money, and you will spend some quality time together | |
| 4 | Know your staff’s time constraints | d) The ones who started too big had it get away from them very quickly | |
| 5 | Learn equipment maintenance and structures | e) You are going to be investing money anyway, and it is the best resource for serious growers | |
| 6 | Accept that you cannot grow everything | f) The lovely patch of seedlings becomes a field, and it is easy to be overwhelmed | |
| 7 | Join the Association of Specialty Cut Flower Growers | g) Flowers get harvested before they are delivered and have to be stored somewhere | |
| h) The market is much less in the summertime | |||
| i) These are based on trials, not somebody who happens to have seed for sale |
Answer Key:
1 → c, 2 → g, 3 → d, 4 → f, 5 → a, 6 → b, 7 → e
Unmatched distractors: h and i
Source in transcript:
| Pair | Blocks | Timestamp |
|---|---|---|
| 1 → c | 114 to 117 | 6:28 – 6:38 |
| 2 → g | 123 to 125 | 6:53 – 7:06 |
| 3 → d | 100, 105 to 107 | 5:31, 5:58 – 6:09 |
| 4 → f | 101 to 104 | 5:35 – 5:58 |
| 5 → a | 108 to 112 | 6:09 – 6:27 |
| 6 → b | 265 to 266, 281 | 13:33 – 13:40, 14:13 |
| 7 → e | 148 to 155 | 8:04 – 8:28 |
| h (distractor) | 272 | 13:58 – 14:00, why early and late markets pay better |
| i (distractor) | 170 | 9:08 – 9:12, why Cut Flowers of the Year is trustworthy |
Matching Exercise 4: Cut Flowers of the Year and Named Selections
Timestamp Reference: 9:01 – 11:56
Type: Item to category
Instructions: Match each item in Column A with what Armitage says about it in Column B. Two items in Column B belong to other resources he describes and do not match anything in Column A.
| # | Column A | Column B | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shimmer | a) The four categories the annual selections are grouped into | |
| 2 | Queeny Lemon Peach | b) The zinnia to try when you do not know which one to put in | |
| 3 | Parker’s Gold, Moonshine, and Coronation Gold | c) The earliest year the selections go back to | |
| 4 | A variegated geranium | d) The celosia to try when you do not know which one to put in | |
| 5 | Herbaceous, woody, bulb, and foliage | e) Three useful yarrow selections he names in one breath | |
| 6 | 2000 | f) What the selections are based on, rather than seed somebody happens to have for sale | |
| 7 | Trials | g) The entry that made the foliage category, because the foliage is variegated | |
| h) Delivered to your email for about ten dollars | |||
| i) One of four authors on the recommended books slide |
Answer Key:
1 → d, 2 → b, 3 → e, 4 → g, 5 → a, 6 → c, 7 → f
Unmatched distractors: h and i
Source in transcript:
| Pair | Blocks | Timestamp |
|---|---|---|
| 1 → d | 172 to 173 | 9:17 – 9:21 |
| 2 → b | 174 | 9:21 – 9:24 |
| 3 → e | 232 to 234 | 11:49 – 11:58 |
| 4 → g | 180 | 9:34 – 9:38 |
| 5 → a | 177 to 178 | 9:27 – 9:33 |
| 6 → c | 169 | 9:03 – 9:08 |
| 7 → f | 170 | 9:08 – 9:12 |
| h (distractor) | 252, 257 | 12:56, 13:09, the cut flower sowing calendar |
| i (distractor) | 187 to 188 | 9:54 – 10:00, the four book authors |
Build note on this exercise. Exercise 4 was not available when this file was first produced. Every one of its Column A items except the four categories and the two Cut Flowers of the Year facts sat behind an open [VERIFY] flag in the Stage 1 transcript, so a cultivar exercise would have been built on unverified tokens. The audio verification sweep of 2026-08-08 closed all of them: celosia at block 172, Shimmer at 173, Queeny Lemon Peach at 174, and Parker’s Gold at 233. Moonshine and Coronation Gold were stable in both engines from the start. The exercise uses no source reading beyond the blocks already read for Exercises 1 through 3.
Why Column B avoids flower colour. Pair 3 groups the three yarrow selections by the fact that he names them together as useful, not by colour. He calls the slide “just the yellow forms” at 12:00 and then shows coloured selections at 12:41, and the sweep confirmed those are two different slides showing two different subsets. Keeping colour out of the key means the pair does not depend on which slide a student remembers.
Build Notes
Why these four shapes. The project template offers species identification, product to active ingredient, and timing to practice. Product to active ingredient is not available here at all: Armitage names no pest, no disease, and no pesticide in sixteen minutes. Timing to practice is the shape the talk most obviously supports, and Exercise 1 uses it. Exercises 2 and 3 adapt the item-to-category form to what a business and resource talk actually contains: a set of named resources with distinguishing details, and a set of practices each with a stated reason. Exercise 4 is the closest this segment gets to species identification, matching named selections and categories from Cut Flowers of the Year, and it was added on 2026-08-08 once the audio sweep released the cultivar names. All four test whether a student followed the talk rather than whether they can recognize a term.
Pair counts are 8, 7, 7, and 7, inside the 6 to 10 range, with two unmatched distractors in each Column B. That puts every exercise at 9 or 10 items in Column B against 7 or 8 in Column A, which is enough to stop a student from working the last two or three pairs out by elimination. The template asks for 2 to 3 exercises; this file carries 4, because the fourth became available after the file was first built and dropping one of the original three to stay inside the range would have cost coverage for no gain.
Distractors are sourced, not invented. Every unmatched Column B item is something Armitage actually says, attached to a different subject. In Exercise 1 the two spare timings are the refrigerator’s window and the night the heater fails, both real phrases from the talk and both plausible-looking answers to a timing question. In Exercise 2 they are a credential from the recorded introduction and the reason a geranium made the foliage category. In Exercise 3 they are the reasons behind two claims that are not in Column A, the summer market and the Cut Flowers of the Year trials. In Exercise 4 they are the sowing calendar’s price and delivery method and the fact of being one of the four book authors, both real statements attached to resources rather than to selections, and neither one arguably correct for any Column A item. A distractor drawn from general cut flower knowledge would be invisible to a reviewer and would still break the source chain.
Three areas left alone
These match the exclusions recorded in the quiz file for this segment.
No association benefit is credited to GGIA. At 8:04 Armitage says GGIA in a sentence whose surrounding content describes the Association of Specialty Cut Flower Growers, which he names ten seconds later. The audio sweep of 2026-08-08 confirmed he did say GGIA, so it is a slip of the tongue by the speaker rather than a transcription error, and the handling is unchanged. Exercise 2 pair 4, Exercise 2 pair 5, and Exercise 3 pair 7 all attribute association benefits to the association he names. GGIA appears nowhere in these exercises, including as a distractor, because an option offering GGIA as a source of association benefits would teach the confusion instead of testing it.
Exercise 3 pair 7 takes its wording from that sentence at 8:04, “the best resource for serious growers,” with the referent resolved by the name he gives at 8:14. That is the same handling the Stage 2 package used, and the organization name in that sentence is still not reproduced in the item.
Nothing rests on yarrow flower colour, and it no longer needs to be avoided for the original reason. Exercise 1 pairs 1 and 2 use the harvest indicator and the cold treatment, which are stable across all three source transcriptions. His two statements about yellow and coloured forms at 12:00 and 12:41 read as a contradiction in the transcript, and the audio sweep of 2026-08-08 showed they are two different slides and two different selection subsets, so both are true. Colour is still kept out of every key, because an item resting on it would depend on which slide a student remembers rather than on what he said.
All eighteen [VERIFY] flags are now closed, and one exercise came out of it. When this file was first produced the flags sat on exactly the material a matching exercise reaches for first: cultivar names, book authors, two web addresses, and his co-author’s name, and all of them were excluded. The audio sweep of 2026-08-08 resolved every one against the recording. Exercise 4 is the direct result: celosia, Shimmer, Queeny Lemon Peach, and Parker’s Gold are now usable in a graded item alongside Moonshine and Coronation Gold. Exercise 2 still identifies the 1993 reference by what he says about it rather than by a title, because he never states its name on camera and the sweep did not change that. The two web addresses, ascfg.org and allanarmitage.net, are confirmed and appear in the Stage 2 and Stage 3 files; they are kept out of the exercises because recalling a URL is not the knowledge these items test.
Produced for UGA Center for Urban Agriculture / Cut Flower Symposium Archives
Source: Corrected SRT (Stage 1), GTBOP_Transcript_2026-07-23_ArmitageCutFlowerIntro.srt (333 blocks)
Updated 2026-08-08 in the post-pipeline correction pass: Exercise 4 added after the audio verification sweep closed the cultivar flags. Block skeleton unchanged.
Structural reference: Stage 2 Archive Package, GTBOP_Archive_Summary_2026-07-23_ArmitageCutFlowerIntro.md
Chain of custody: corrected SRT verified against Allan.mp4 at 997.418 s